Immunity

The main drama in the struggle of AIDS takes place in our immune system. From the moment that the body is infected by the first HIV virus, a battle of epic proportion begins in the immune system. The HIV is fighting to kill the immune system, and the immune system is fighting to kill the virus. The battle will continue for the remainder of the patient’s life.  In order for you to understand this battle, you will need to know more about the immune system, which is covered in chapter 3.
Before the class next week, you should read the chapter to learn about the major components of the immune system. Te two major themes that I want to focus on are Innate Immunity and Adaptive Immunity. Each of you should read about both, but select only one of these topics to write about. 
Option 1: Innate immunity innate is a general name for the non-specific immune responses that provide the body’s first and second lines of defense against invading pathogens. This part of the immune system is not damaged in AIDS, while the adaptive immunity is. It might be helpful to educate AIDS patients on the innate immune system to help them understand what is going on in their bodies, and how to make the most of it.
For this discussion, choose one example of innate immunity to focus on. Choose one aspect that was particularly interesting to you. Do some research to find out a little more about it. Here is a list of examples, but you can think of other ones as well:
a. describe one type of chemical barrier that the body puts up to keep a pathogen from penetrating the outer wall. Inder what conditions is it released? How does it work?
b. one part of the inflammatory response such as non-specific phagocytosis. Tell us how that works. You’d probably fined it helpful to watch this video:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/human-anatomy-and-physiology/introduction-to-immunology/v/inflammatory-response (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
c. Tell us how an AIDS patient can work with his/her non-specific pathways to help them work to their optimal capacity, in light of the fact that his adaptive immune system is not working. For example, how can he work with his inflammatory response to get optimal benefit?
Option 2 – Adaptive Immunity:
In Chapter 3, we also learned about the adaptive immune response. This systems used a special class of white blood cells known as lymphocytes to attack specific target antigens that the body has seen in the past. This involves B-cells, T-helper cells and T-killer cells. It is these pathways that are disrupted in AIDS.
For this discussion, choose one example of adaptive immunity to focus on. Choose one aspect that was particularly interesting to you. Do some research to find out a little more about it. Here is a list of examples, but you can think of other ones as well:
Cell-free antibodies are large protein molecules that are released by B-cells as a part of the Humoral Response, which is one arm of the Adaptive Immune Response.  There may be millions of B-cells in the body at birth, and each one has been programmed during development to produce a different unique type of antibody molecule that will recognize a single antigen in it’s lifetime. As such, our bodies have the ability to recognize almost any invading pathogen with at least one type of these antibodies. When our body recognizes a pathogen, it will begin to amplify the B-cell that makes the type of antidody that can recognize it. This will launch a whole body defense, against the pathogen.
a. Describe the primary immune response, which is what happens the first time that the body recognizes an invading pathogen.  Explain what happens to the single B-cell that makes antibodies against that pathogen. How long does after infection does it take for the immune response to knock down the infection?
b. Describe the secondary immune response, which is what happens when the same invading pathogen is involved in a re-infection of the body. Since there are now thousands of dormant B-cells that recognize the antigens on the pathogen, how is the immune response enhanced? How quickly does that occur. compared to the first encounter with that pathogen?
c. Describe how a vaccine works. Which how does the vaccine replace the primary response? When the pathogen enters the body for the first time in a person who has already been vaccinated, does it encounter a primary immune response or a secondary immune response? Explain.
d. There is a second arm of the adaptive immune response known as “Cell-mediated Immunity” which is mediated by using T-cells, rather than B-cells. There two types of T-cell responses, one with the T-Helper cells and one with cytotoxic T-cells.  T-Helper cells are the T-cells with the CD4 receptor on the surface, through which the HIV particles enter the cell. It is the T-Helper cells that are killed in AIDS.  The second type of T-cell response is with a different type of T-cell, T-killer cells, also known as cytotoxic T cells or CD8+ cells. Here’s the question: If AIDS kills only the T-Helper cells, why are both the humoral (B-cell) and cell-mediated responses (T-cell) pathways knocked out?

RESEARCH PAPER SHOULD BE 5 – 7 PAGES LONG!
Category Points Description of Criteria
-Introduction (5 points)
2-3 sentence introduction to tell the reader what the project is about.
-Description of the facility (20 points)
Describe the chosen healthcare organization, based on the key points  listed in the Guidelines section 1. Address any issues pointed out in  your draft feedback.
-Description of health information users and HIM functions (30 points)
Describe users of health information and health information  management functions, based on the key points listed in the Guidelines  section 2. Address any issues pointed out in your draft feedback.
-Description of healthcare technologies and/or systems (40 points)
Describe healthcare technologies and/or information systems used at  the chosen facility, based on the key points listed in the Guidelines  section 3.
-Conclusions (15 points)
Summarize your findings and share your learning experience, based on key points listed in the Guidelines section 4.
-Writing (20 points)
Your writing should be original (with no more than 25% match with  other resources), about 5-7 pages long, and follow the APA format:  double spaced, Times New Roman, Size 12 (cover page and reference page  are not included). Use at least three references (including your  textbook) and add references and in-text citations in the APA format, as  needed. Use proper grammar, punctuation, and spelling. Organize the  information well and use headers to separate the major sections  (introduction, description of the facility, description of users and HIM  functions, description of healthcare technologies, and conclusions).
It  is highly recommended that you use SmartThinking tutoring to address  writing issues and seek help with grammar, references, in-text  citations, or APA formatting.
-Total (130 points)
A quality paper will meet or exceed all of the above requirements.