How this disease/condition is diagnosed (e.g. history, exam, diagnostic imaging, labs)

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The required elements: Your paper should contain the following elements in the order listed below.

In addition, my expectation is that any feedback that was given to you from Assignment 2:

Annotated Bibliography and Assignment 3: The Abstract be incorporated into this assignment. Please go back and review those comments.

  1. Abstract – this section must contain the following:
    1. Topic Sentence:  Your abstract must contain one sentence that clearly and concisely introduces the topic of the paper
    2. Content Sentences:  Your abstract must mention the following five main topics of the paper: introduction, statistics/epidemiology, financial costs, anatomy & physiology/etiology, diagnosis/treatment/prognosis
    3. Conclusion Sentence: Abstract contains one sentence that mentions key conclusions and/or findings, future directions/research
  2. Main Body – this section must contain the following five main topics (the subtopics are recommendations to use if appropriate to your disease/condition):
    1. Introduction:
      1. Thoroughly define the disease/condition
      2. History of the disease/condition
    2. Statistics/Epidemiology:
      1.  Statistical prevalence (e.g. overall, gender, age)
      2.  Types of distributions (e.g. frequencies, patterns)
      3.  Types of determinants (e.g. causes, risk factors)
    3. Financial Costs:
      1. Costs to the individual/family
      2. Possible costs to society
      3. Loss of productivity
    4. Anatomy & Physiology/Etiology:
      1. The normal and abnormal structure & function behind the disease/condition
      2. Cause(s) of the disease/condition
    5. Diagnosis/Treatments/Prognosis:
      1. How this disease/condition is diagnosed (e.g. history, exam, diagnostic imaging, labs)
      2. How the condition/disease is treated (e.g. traditional medical treatments, alternative methods of treatment)
      3. The prediction of this disease/condition’s outcome
  3. Conclusion – this section must contain four to six sentences that sum up the main topics of the paper.
  4. Reference Section – this section must contain the following:
    1. This is not just a separate section; rather, referencing should occur throughout the paper via parenthetical citations anytime you paraphrase or make direct quotes.  Please be sure to cite any language in the paper that should be cited.  Your paper should also have a final reference page listing 5-10 credible sources researched for your paper.
    2. Do not include your critique/summary from Assignment 2: Annotated Bibliography; simply list the references utilized in your paper in APA format on the reference page.

 

Please make note of the following tips and tricks:

  • There is no minimum word count for this paper; however, your paper should be thorough and include all the required components listed in the instructions and rubric.
  • Please note that less than 10% of your paper should contain direct quotes.
  • Avoid bulleted lists within the body of your paper.
  • Do not write in first or second person.

How do Whiten et al. and Vaidyanathan define culture in chimpanzees?

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ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS BASED ON THE SOURCES PROVIDED AND THE SOURCES ATTACHED:

 

VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojzcNxyHZB8&feature=youtu.be

 

1. How do Whiten et al. and Vaidyanathan define culture in chimpanzees?

 

2. In order for a behavior to be considered cultural, scientists have to rule out other possible explanations for the behavior. What are the two main other explanations scientists generally consider? (Vaidyanathan talks about this more explicitly than Whiten et al.)

 

3. What are some examples of cultural behaviors in chimpanzees? Explain at least 3 specific examples of culture in chimpanzees from course materials. Be specific and name the sites at which the behaviors have been observed. Feel free to refer to material from Topic 12. NOTE: While the experiments presented in Ape Genius are interesting and demonstrate capacities required for the presence of culture (social learning, imitation), they are not in and of themselves cultural behaviors. You will want to focus on natural behaviors observed in wild chimpanzee populations.

 

For the rest of the questions, your answers should be based on Ape Genius.

4. Can chimpanzees learn new behaviors through imitation? What are the two specific examples presented in the video? Be specific and explain the experiments in detail.

 

5. Humans are obviously experts at imitation but what curious thing did researchers discover about human imitation when humans were presented with the treat in the puzzle box experiment?

 

6. In one set of experiments, researchers placed food on a tray that chimpanzees could pull toward themselves using two ropes. What did this experiment reveal about chimpanzees’ ability to cooperate with each other?

 

7. Researchers conducted the same cooperation experiment with bonobos. How did the bonobos do on the task compared to the chimpanzees?

 

8. What did the experiment on social emotions in which treats were dispensed on table and a rope could be pulled to end experiment demonstrate about chimpanzees’ ability to understand responsibility and punishment?

 

9. In a series of experiments with two chimpanzees, Sarah and Sheba, that examines social emotions Sally Boysen presented one of the chimpanzees with two bowls of M&Ms and asked her to pick a bowl. Explain the experiment and how the chimpanzees performed.

 

10. Later, Boysen did the same experiment but instead of using M&Ms in the bowls, she replaced the candies with Arabic numerals. How did this change the chimpanzee’s performance on the experiment? What does this result suggest about chimpanzee social emotions? About their capacity for understanding symbols?

Why? What are the characteristics of H. erectus that define them as human?

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Sources: 

1. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/cooking-up-bigger-brains/

2. http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-family-tree

3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKNAA4wLpVY&feature=youtu.be

 

PROMPT 1

Homo erectus is generally considered the first truly human species. Why? What are the characteristics of H. erectus that define them as human?

 

PROMPT 2

Who was Homo hedelbergensis?

 

PROMPT 3

Homo neanderthalensis was a highly sophisticated human species well adapted to life Ice Age Europe, both culturally and biologically. What are the biological adaptations to the cold that we see in H. neanderthalensis? What about their cultural adaptations

 

PROMPT 4

Using the information in the tutorials and at the Smithsonian site, discuss some of the most significant fossil finds for Homo heidelbergensis and Homo neanderthalensis? When and where were they found? What are their characteristics?

 

PROMPT 5

There are 3 models for the origin and dispersal of Homo sapiens. What do each of these models state? Which model is best supported by the evidence?

 

PROMPT 6

Who were the Denisovans? Feel free to do a web search to find additional information about them but include links to any sites you use.

 

PROMPT 7

Who was Homo floresiensis? What are the various hypotheses about them? Feel free to do a web search to find additional information about them but include links to any sites you use.

 

Explain what some of the concerns are regarding GMOs and provide the evidence supporting these concerns. (In other words, do NOT just list the concerns) (5 pts.)

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answer the following questions regarding genetically modified organisms in your response:

1. What are Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)? Be specific – what makes an organism genetically modified, the term transgenic is also used for these types of organisms. Provide some examples of genetically modified organisms. (3 pts.)

2. Explain what some of the concerns are regarding GMOs and provide the evidence supporting these concerns. (In other words, do NOT just list the concerns) (5 pts.)

3. Explain some of the benefits of GMOs and provide the evidence supporting these benefits. (In other words, do NOT just list the benefits) (5 pts.)

4. How have GMOs directly affected you currently and how might they affect you in the future? (5 pts.)

5. After researching this topic and exploring the pros and cons of GMOs, what is your personal view of GMOs? Justify your answer- explain why you have this view. (5 pts.)

6. Use at least two credible sources and cite in APA format. (2 pts.)