Consider factors that might have influenced the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes such as genetics (including pharmacogenetics), gender, ethnicity, age, behavior, and/or possible pathophysiological changes due to disease.

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As an advanced practice nurse assisting physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders, it is important to not only understand the impact of disorders on the body, but also the impact of drug treatments on the body. The relationships between drugs and the body can be described by pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to the drug through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, whereas pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the body. When selecting drugs and determining dosages for patients, it is essential to consider individual patient factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharamcodynamic processes. These patient factors include genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, behavior (i.e., diet, nutrition, smoking, alcohol, illicit drug abuse), and/or pathophysiological changes due to disease. In this Discussion, you reflect on a case from your past clinical experiences and consider how a particular patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes altered his or her response to a drug.

To prepare:

· Review this week’s media presentation with Dr. Terry Buttaro, as well as Chapter 2 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text, and the Scott article in the Learning Resources. Consider the principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

· Reflect on your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practices from the last five years. Select a case from the last five years that involves a patient whose individual differences in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors altered his or her anticipated response to a drug. When referring to your patient, make sure to use a pseudonym or other false form of identification. This is to ensure the privacy and protection of the patient.

· Consider factors that might have influenced the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes such as genetics (including pharmacogenetics), gender, ethnicity, age, behavior, and/or possible pathophysiological changes due to disease.

· Think about a personalized plan of care based on these influencing factors and patient history in your case study.

With these thoughts in mind:

Post a description of the case you selected. Then, describe factors that might have influenced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patient from the case you selected. Finally, explain details of the personalized plan of care that you would develop based on influencing factors and patient history in your case.

– This work should have Introduction and conclusion

– This work should have at 3 to 5current references (Year 2012 and up)

– Use at least 2 references from class Learning Resources

The following Resources are not acceptable:

1. Wikipedia

2. Cdc.gov- nonhealthcare professionals section

3. Webmd.com

4. Mayoclinic.com

LEARNING RESOURCES

**Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

  • Chapter 2, “Pharmacokinetic      Basis of Therapeutics and Pharmacodynamic Principles” (pp. 17-31)
    This chapter examines concepts related to pharmacokinetics and      pharmacodynamics. It also explores patient factors that health care      providers consider when prescribing drug therapy to patients.
  • Chapter 3, “Impact of Drug      Interactions and Adverse Events on Therapeutics” (pp. 33-51)
    This chapter explains drug-drug, drug-food, drug-herb, and drug-disease      interactions. It also reviews patient factors that influence drug      interactions and then covers adverse drug reactions.
  • Chapter 4, “Principles of      Pharmacotherapy in Pediatrics” (pp. 53-63)
    This chapter explores concepts relating to drug selection, administration,      and interaction for pediatric patients. It also compares age-related      pharmacokinetic differences in children and adults.
  • Chapter 6, “Principles of Pharmacotherapy in      Elderly Patients” (pp. 73-89)
    This chapter describes issues and factors that affect drug therapy for      elderly patients. It then explores concepts relating to drug selection,      administration, and management for elderly patients.

**Scott, S. A. (2011). Personalizing medicine with clinical pharmacogenetics. Genetics in Medicine, 13(12), 987–995. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3290900/

This article examines pharmacogenetic testing in relation to personalized drug therapy plans and explores evidence-based guidelines and recommendations on pharmacogenetic testing.

**Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved August 22, 2012, from http://www.drugs.com/ 

This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.

**Haymarket Media, Inc. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.empr.com/

**Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.ismp.org/

**WebMD. (2012). Medscape. Retrieved from http://www.medscape.com/

What parts of the lawmaking process does a nurse have an opportunity to influence the final bill passage? List at least two ways that this influence can take place. In your opinion, would one way be preferable over the other?

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Nurse’s Role in Influencing the Legislative Process

For this week’s project, you’ll answer three questions related to your opportunity as a nurse and an advocate. The first two questions relate to influencing a bill is traveling through the legislative process. The third question refers you to the social determinants of health as described in your course textbook reading and asks you to think specifically on your role as a nurse in influencing social determinants of health.

In a brief paper (no more than 2 typed pages, 1 inch margins, 12 font Times New Roman or Courier New), answer the questions below. Write each question as a new topic area and then follow with a paragraph or two to answer the question. You may find it necessary to search for answers to the questions outside of the assigned reading. Be sure to use APA guidelines for writing style, spelling and grammar, and citation of sources.

Answer the following questions:

  • What parts of the lawmaking process does a nurse have an opportunity to influence the final bill passage?
  • List at least two ways that this influence can take place. In your opinion, would one way be preferable over the other?
  • Reviewing the social determinants of health, select one to respond to this question:
    • What role can nurses play in promoting health status through policy changes directly affecting this social determinant?

Submission Details:

  • Submit your response in a 2-page Microsoft Word document (500 words).
  • Name your document SU_NSG4068_W2_Project_LastName_FirstInitial.doc.
  • Submit your document to the Submissions Area by the due date assigned.
  • Cite sources in the APA format on a separate page.

How the learning will be evaluated  4. Include rationale for each selected instruction and the evaluation method used.  

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 Details: Using the Personal Class Design Project – Part 1 assignment you began in NUR-647E, you will complete the course design to include learner objectives, outline, teaching strategies, and associated evaluation, and method.

Using Part I, write and revise the original learner objectives submitted. Use the A-B-C-D method of writing objectives. The objectives should incorporate Bloom’s taxonomy, be written at the appropriate level for the audience, and include at least two learning domains (cognitive, psychomotor, and affective).

(See Attachments)

Refer to “NUR-649E – Nursing Education Seminar II: A-B-C-D Approach to Objective Writing” and

“NUR-649E – Nursing Education Seminar II: Learning Domains.” Map out a class time frame, outlining when to cover each of the content areas.

Refer to “NUR-649E – Nursing Education Seminar II: Lesson Plan Template.

In addition to the content area, include the class time frame:

1. Time frame for covering each topic area

2. Teaching strategy for each objective

3. How the learning will be evaluated

4. Include rationale for each selected instruction and the evaluation method used.

Support your rationale by citing at least three scholarly, peer-reviewed resources (less than 5 years old) in addition to the course materials.  There is no predetermined length for this assignment.

It is intended that each student will develop a class that can be utilized in the student’s selected area of education.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

Compare the current provisions in the ACA with those in the failed first version of the AHCA. Share your opinions about why the AHCA failed in the first attempt at passage.

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This week’s discussion focuses on the federal government’s role in protecting the public’s health using the ACA and current efforts to “repeal and replace” the ACA. Please note that the government’s role in protecting the public’s health did not begin with the ACA. In the late 1800s, Lilian Wald brought health care to the community. And in 1965, Congress passed bills authorizing Medicare and Medicaid. Since 1965, Congress has expanded government-sponsored health care to pregnant women and children.  Answer the following question:

•Compare the current provisions in the ACA with those in the failed first version of the AHCA. Share your opinions about why the AHCA failed in the first attempt at passage.