Which of the following aspects of her condition would help to rule out Hodgkin lymphoma?

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A 60-year-old woman is suspected of having non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Which of the following aspects of her condition would help to rule out Hodgkin lymphoma?
Answers:
A. The lymph nodes involved are located in a large number of locations in the lymphatic system.
B. The woman complains of recent debilitating fatigue.
C. Her neoplasm originates in secondary lymphoid structures.
D. The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells has been confirmed.

Why is jugular venous distention a useful indicator for the assessment of the client's condition?

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An 81-year-old female client of a long-term care facility has a history of congestive heart failure. The nurse practitioner caring for the client has positioned her sitting up at an angle in bed and is observing her jugular venous distention. Why is jugular venous distention a useful indicator for the assessment of the client’s condition?
Answers:
A. Peripheral dilation is associated with decreased stroke volume and ejection fraction.
B. Increased cardiac demand causes engorgement of systemic blood vessels, of which the jugular vein is one of the largest.
C. Blood backs up into the jugular vein because there are no valves at the point of entry into the heart.
D. Heart valves are not capable of preventing backflow in cases of atrial congestion.

Which of the following pathophysiologic results should the nurse anticipate?

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A nurse who works on a pediatric cardiology unit of a hospital is providing care for an infant with a diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot. Which of the following pathophysiologic results should the nurse anticipate?
Answers:
A. Blood outflow into the pulmonary circulation is restricted by pulmonic valve stenosis.
B. There is a break in the normal wall between the right and left atria that results in compromised oxygenation.
C. The aortic valve is stenotic, resulting in increased afterload.
D. The right ventricle is atrophic as a consequence of impaired myocardial blood supply.

Which of the following hypertensive individuals is most likely to have his or her high blood pressure diagnosed as secondary rather than essential?

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Which of the following hypertensive individuals is most likely to have his or her high blood pressure diagnosed as secondary rather than essential?
Answers:
A. A 40-year-old smoker who eats excessive amounts of salt and saturated fats
B. A 69-year-old woman with a diagnosis of cardiometabolic syndrome
C. An African American man who leads a sedentary lifestyle
D. A 51-year-old male who has been diagnosed with glomerulonephritis