Haemophilus influenzae requires hemin (X factor) to synthesize cytochromes and NAD (V factor) from other cells. For what does it use these two growth factors?

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MICROBIOLOGY QUESTIONS

3 microbiology questions.

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Be sure to back up each statement of fact with cited sources. Your response to each question should be at least 100 words.
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Haemophilus influenzae requires hemin (X factor) to synthesize cytochromes and NAD (V factor) from other cells. For what does it use these two growth factors? What disease(s) does H. influenzae cause?
The bacterial enzyme streptokinase is used to digest fibrin (blood clots) in patients with atherosclerosis. Why doesn’t injection of streptokinase cause a streptococcal infection? How do we know the streptokinase will digest fibrin only and not other tissues?
Based on biochemical tests and oxygen usage, how would you identify and classify, respectively, the following microbes:
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Bacillus subtilis
Escherichia coli
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What is the name given to the disk-like membranes inside the chloroplasts?

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BIOLOGY

STUDY GUIDE BISC 101 STARR 8TH EDITION
EXAM # 2 CHAPTERS 6-9, 11, 12Page or Figure # Item to be learned … Chapter 6: Where It Starts — Photosynthesis 93 _?_- such as plants make their own food; consumers, or _?_-, must eat others. 94 Recall: all energy for autotrophic photosynthesis comes from the _?_. 94 (col 2) Light is organized in packets of electromagnetic energy called _?_. 94 _?_ is an organic molecule that selectively absorbs light of specific wavelengths.

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STUDY GUIDE BISC 101 STARR 8TH EDITION
EXAM # 2 CHAPTERS 6-9, 11, 12
Page or Figure # Item to be learned … Chapter 6: Where It Starts — Photosynthesis 93 _?_- such as plants make their own food; consumers, or _?_-, must eat others. 94 Recall: all energy for autotrophic photosynthesis comes from the _?_. 94 (col 2) Light is organized in packets of electromagnetic energy called _?_. 94 _?_ is an organic molecule that selectively absorbs light of specific wavelengths. 94 What is the chief photosynthetic pigment in plants? 94 Plant leaves are seen as green because those wavelengths are absorbed/reflected (choose one) to our eyes. 95 In chlorophyll, the absorption of a photon excites the _?_ and boosts them to a higher energy level. 97 In what organelle does photosynthesis occur? 97 The semi-fluid matrix inside the chloroplast is called the _?_. 97 What is the name given to the disk-like membranes inside the chloroplasts? 97 In the photosynthesis equation, which molecules are the reactants? Which are the products? 97 In the light-DEpendent reactions:
ADP accepts H, e-, and P to become _?_;
NADP+ accepts H and e- to become _?_;
Water is split to yield _?_ gas. 97 In the light-INdependent reactions, ATP and NADPH are used as energy sources to synthesize molecules of _?_. 98 Groups of chlorophylls, known as _?_, work as “antenna systems” to capture the energy of light to begin photosynthesis. 98 & Fig 6.7 When light strikes chlorophylls in photosystems I and II, electrons are released and immediately enter the _?_ _?_ chains located in the thylakoid membranes. 98 & Fig 6.7 As the ejected electrons move along the electron transfer chain of photosystem II, energy is used to pump _?_ ions into the interior of the thylakoid. 99 & Fig 6.7 As the electrons move along the electron transfer chain of photosystem I, they are eventually are picked up by NADP+ to form _?_. 98 & Fig 6.7 The accumulating H+ ions can leave the thylakoid compartment only…
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What were the historical limitations of previous classification systems that led to and are solved by the three domain system that is in use today?

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MICROBIOLOGY SHORT-ESSAYS

Please read the questions thoroughly before you send a handshake. Thank you!

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What were the historical limitations of previous classification systems that led to and are solved by the three domain system that is in use today?
Why is the gene coding for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) used for establishing phylogenetic relationships and how does this compare to previous methods for placing organisms in appropriate taxa?
What are the factors that limit our ability to fully classify and understand microbial diversity and what implications do these challenges have for environmental and health management?
Why are algae important in nature? How are algae, fungi and lichens related and how is this relationship defined? Explain how the presence of algae can indicate either pollution or productivity of a body of water.
There are two types of viruses, DNA viruses and RNA viruses, and each group has subgroups that utilize different nucleic acid biosynthetic pathways. Which of these two types of viruses do you think is responsible for the deadliest human disease(s)? Specify the disease(s), the viruses, and their biosynthetic pathways. Please explain why you think this or these are the deadliest and give examples from each subgroup to support your answer. Has the group of deadliest diseases changed over time? If so, why do you think this is true?
Each answer should be about 125 words DUE DATE 26 JULY 13
Cite your sources
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Is the study design appropriate for the stated study goal(s)?

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BIOLOGY

Paper to answer questions by Bond et al. 2008

. Is the study design appropriate for the stated study goal(s)?
2. Was the amount of data collected appropriate?
3. Were the conclusions appropriate given the design and data collected?
4. What is the primary change you would have make in the study design if you were asked to re-do the study?
prepare a summary of your review by creating short, bulleted comments (probably 2-3 for each question) for each of these 4 (above) questions for your assigned paper; please format your review as follows:
Bond et al. 2008
1. Design appropriate for goal?
• They clearly stated …
• They failed, however, to…
2. Data collection adequate?
• They clearly stated sample sizes but…
• I am unclear as to why…
3. Conclusions appropriate given the design and data collected?
• In part, yes. The primary mistake…
• They did show that…
4. Primary change you would need to make?
• I would…
read all three papers answers based on bond paper answer exactly the way described