Compare and contrast the psychological “camps” of behaviorism and. cognitivism based on scholarly materials including the required resources for this week.

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COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE PSYCHOLOGICAL “CAMPS” OF BEHAVIORISM AND. COGNITIVISM

Prior to engaging in this discussion, read Chapters One and Two from your text, watch the B.F. Skinner – Operant Conditioning and Free Will and the How to Understand Cognitive Psychology videos, and review any relevant Instructor Guidance. It is important to refer to the Discussion Forum Grading Rubric for guidance on how your discussion posts will be evaluated.

  • Compare and contrast the psychological “camps” of behaviorism and. cognitivism based on scholarly materials including the required resources for this week.
  • Analyze how each learning theory applies to real-life situations, and provide two examples for each.
    • Behaviorism example – Every time the chickens get on the porch, they are sprayed with water. After time, the chickens learn not to be on the porch.
  • Demonstrate your further understanding of these theoretical perspectives by including implications to learning posed by each theory.
  • Based on the evidence presented in this week’s resources, what are the major strengths and weaknesses of each theory in relation to how we learn? In your comparison, do you see where one type of training might work better than the other based on situations (e.g., differing age groups, differing learning abilities, or differing skill level/rigor)?
  • Apply basic research methods to your comparison by providing empirically based research findings or other reliable examples to support your statements.
  • Be sure to cite all your references in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION AND SOCIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

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PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION AND SOCIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

The plan recognition problem: An intersection of psychology and artificial intelligence
Schmidt, C. F., Sridharan, N. S., & Goodson, J. L. (1978). The plan recognition problem: An intersection of psychology and artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence, 11(1), 45-83.

  • F. Schmidt,
  • S. Sridharan,
  • L. Goodson
  • Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, U.S.A.

 
Abstract
Understanding actions involves inferring the goal of the actor and organizing the actions into a plan structure. The BELIEVER system is a psychological theory of how human observers understand the actions of others. The present theory is concerned with single-actor sequences and can account for goal-directed actions that may succeed or fail in accomplishing the goal, as well as actions governed by norms. After discussing how AI can be applied in psychological theory construction, the BELIEVER system is presented by specifying a plan recognition process and its knowledge sources.
Copyright © 1978 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Artificial Intelligence
Volume 11, Issues 1–2, August 1978, Pages 45–83
Applications to the Sciences and Medicine
Why not a Sociology of Machines? The Case of Sociology and Artificial Intelligence

  1. Steve Woolgar
  2. Woolgar, S. (1985). Why not a Sociology of Machines? The Case of Sociology and Artificial Intelligence. Sociology Sociology, 19, 557-572. doi:10.1177/0038038585019004005

Abstract
In the light of the recent growth of artificial intelligence (AI), and of its implications for understanding human behaviour, this paper evaluates the prospects for an association between sociology and artificial intelligence. Current presumptions about the distinction between human behaviour and artificial intelligence are identified through a survey of discussions about AI and `expert systems’. These discussions exhibit a restricted view of sociological competence, a marked rhetoric of progress and a wide variation in assessments of the state of the art. By drawing upon recent themes in the social study of science, these discussions are shown to depend on certain key dichotomies and on an interpretive flexibility associated with the notions of intelligence and expertise. The range of possible associations between sociology and AI reflects the extent to which we are willing to adopt these features of AI discourse. It is suggested that one of the more important options is to view the AI phenomenon as an occasion for reassessing the central axiom of sociology that there is something distinctively `social’ about human behaviour.

Paul Watzlawick (1921–2007)

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Paul Watzlawick (1921–2007) 3 pages

Create the following headings and subheadings in your paper to indicate the organization of your information.

  • Researcher’s Biography/Background

Under this heading you will provide the important historical perspectives of your subject’s life and work and how these influenced his/her work in this field. Information on the subject’s personal and professional background should be logically presented.

  • Researcher’s Theoretical PerspectivesUnder this heading you will describe the theoretical perspectives and other major concepts pioneered or promoted by your subject.
    • Experiments and Findings Under this subheading you will provide a thorough summary of at least two empirical research projects your subject performed including the empirical findings of the research.
    • Historical TrendsUnder this subheading you will provide information on the trends which lead to your subject’s line of research.
    • Notable Characteristics Under this subheading you will provide information about the cognitivist and his/her line of research and how it exemplifies the cognitivist constructs.

    Apply basic research methods in psychology to your paper by  researching at least three appropriate peer-reviewed articles. Be sure to use these sources to support your statements within the paper. Cite your sources according to APA style, but do not directly quote them within your paper.
    Writing the “Understanding a Constructivist” Paper
    The paper:

    1. Must be three to four double-spaced pages in length and formatted according to APA style
    2. Must include a title page with the following:
      • Title of paper
      • Student’s name
      • Course name and number
      • Instructor’s name
      • Date submitted
    3. Must begin with an introductory paragraph that has a succinct thesis statement.
    4. Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought. .
    5. Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.
    6. Must use at least three scholarly sources from the .
    7. Must document all sources in APA style,

Discuss at least two difficulties faced by minority groups during the war (this can include Japanese Americans, African Americans, women, German Americans etc)

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ANALYZE THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF THE OPPORTUNITIES YOU DISCUSSED

U.S. entry into World War II, though devastating to Americans in general, simultaneously created many opportunities for women, African Americans, and Mexican Americans.  From the readings, instructor insights, e-activity, and scenario – please answer all of the following in a post of at least 250 words: Remember that you must also respond in a substantive manner to a minimum of one other person.  Make sure to cite your sources.

  • Explain new opportunities for at least two groups
  • Analyze the long-term effects of the opportunities you discussed
  • Discuss at least two difficulties faced by minority groups during the war (this can include Japanese Americans, African Americans, women, German Americans etc)

History Question?
 
“Are you born or made a leader?”  Please respond to the following:

  • Go to the Psychology Today Website and read the article titled “Leaders: Born or Made?” located athttp://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/cutting-edge-leadership/200903/leaders-born-or-made. Then choose two (2) of your favorite leaders, and discuss whether you believe each of the chosen people were born or made leaders. Make sure to give supporting statements as to why you believe a certain way.

Answer