Cultural Issues Ethical Principle

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Cultural Issues Ethical Principle

Question description(1) A Scholarly Academic Journal/Article must be used pertaining to healthcare (i.e. nursing, hospital, medical care). However you could type in the search engine: “ethics case study nursing” or “ethics case study healthcare” and etc. (2) Subheadings must be included for each paragraph. Subheading should be titled: Introduction, Intervention/Solution, Possible Interventions/Solutions, Case Outcome, Cultural Issues, Ethical Principle, Conclusion. (3) Plagiarism will be checked through the software turnitin.com. (4) Please read the Rubric and Paper Instructions carefully. One of the criteria is to “Explain at least two ethical principles involved and how the principles apply to the case”

  • Explain at least two ethical principles involved (from Ethical Principles in the Ethics folder) and how the principles apply to the case

Autonomy
This principle asserts that individuals have the right to determine their own actions and the freedom to make their own decisions. Autonomous decisions are based on the individual’s values, adequate information, freedom from coercion, and reason and deliberation.
Beneficence
Beneficence is the doing of good, and it is a critical ethical principle in health care. Actions motivated by the principle of beneficence may, however, conflict with other principles, particularly patient autonomy.
Nonmaleficence
This is defined as the duty to do no harm. It is enshrined in the medical profession’s Hippocratic Oath and is likewise critical to the nursing profession. The nurse must not intentionally harm the patient. Chemotherapy is an example of a procedure that does short-term harm to the patient in hopes of producing great long-term good, and illustrates the “double effect principle.” Four conditions must be fulfilled to justify the use of the double effect principle: (1) the action must be good or at least morally indifferent; (2) the health care provider must intend only the good effects; (3) the undesired effects cannot be a means to the end or good effect; (4) there is a favorable balance between desirable and undesirable effects.
Justice
Justice requires that equals should be treated the same, and unequals should be treated differently. In the health care context, this means that patients with the same diagnosis and health care needs should receive the same care, while those with greater or lesser needs should receive care that is appropriate to their needs. Wealth, however, buys better health care regardless of the specific need of the patient. Given vast wealth disparity, it is unclear how the principle of justice can properly be applied. This problem is compounded by systemic wealth disparities that closely track racial and ethnic background, leading to racial and ethnic disparities in health care access, treatment options, and outcomes.
Fidelity
Fidelity refers to honoring one’s commitments or promises. For nurses, this specifically refers to fidelity to their patients. When a nurse is licensed, she or he accepts responsibility to respect all individuals, to uphold the Code of Ethics for Nurses, to practice within the scope of nursing practice, to keep skills current, to abide by an employer’s policies, and to keep promises to patients.
Veracity
This consists in telling the truth. Truth-telling is fundamental to the development and maintenance of trust among people. The nurse-patient relationship assumes that the nurse will deal honestly with his or her patient. Some rare instances provide narrow exceptions to the nurse general duty to tell her or his patient the truth. Deceiving a patient “for their own good” amounts to paternalism, which denies the patient’s autonomy.

ETHICS PAPER INSTRUCTIONS

2 pages Student will identify an ethical case study and develop a (3) page paper. Students should:

  • Find a case study from a current event or personal issue
  • Describe the case
  • Explain at least two ethical principles involved (from Ethical Principles in the Ethics folder) and how the principles apply to the case
  • Identify several possible interventions or solutions that could have been used in this case
  • Identify and describe cultural issues that would influence the decision
  • Describe the intervention/solution that was used in this case and why it was or was not the best solution
  • Describe the outcome of the case

The paper must be in APA format (title page, running head, in-text citations, introduction, conclusion, reference page). An abstract is not required.
Include at least two scholarly references dated within the last 10 years other than the textbook. No Wikipedia.
Points will be deducted for incorrect grammar, spelling, format, and citations.
Plagiarism software will be used to grade these papers.

500 word essay on medicaid law 105 class

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500 word essay on medicaid law 105 class

Question descriptionThese are the legal resources that I will accept as citations for your work (on both the discussion board and your assignments) IN ADDITION TO YOUR TEXT. CITE YOUR TEXT FIRST ALWAYS, unless I instruct you otherwise.

  • American Bar Association:http://www.americanbar.org
  • All Law.com: http://www.alllaw.com
  • Catalaw: http://www.catalaw.com
  • Cornell Legal Information Institute: http://www.law.cornell.edu
  • European Library: http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/
  • Findlaw: http://www.findlaw.com
  • Georgetown: http://www.ll.georgetown.edu/lr
  • GPO Access: http://www.access.gpo.gov
  • Hieros Gamos: http://www.hg.org
  • Indiana University Virtual Law Library: http://www.law.indiana.edu/v-lib
  • Jurist: http://www.jurist.law.pitt.edu
  • Law.com: http://www.law.com
  • Lawsource.com: http://www.lawsource.com
  • LLRX.com: http://www.llrx.com
  • Thomas: http://thomas.loc.gov
  • Virtual Chase: http://www.virtualchase.com Hower, Dennis, Wills, Trusts, and Estate Administration , Thomson Delmar Learning, Seventh Edition is the textbook.
    Chapters 11 & 16
    Ethical Principles; example, LONG TERM CARE
    The Need for Planning
    One of the greatest fears of older Americans is that they may end up in a nursing home. This not only means a great loss of personal autonomy, but also a tremendous financial price. Depending on location and level of care, nursing homes cost between $35,000 and $150,000 a year.
    Most people end up paying for nursing home care out of their savings until they run out. Then they can qualify for Medicaid to pick up the cost. The advantages of paying privately are that you are more likely to gain entrance to a better quality facility and it eliminates or postpones dealing with your state’s welfare bureaucracy–an often demeaning and time-consuming process. The disadvantage is that it’s expensive.
    Careful planning, whether in advance or in response to an unanticipated need for care, can help protect the estate of individuals who are elderly, whether for a spouse or for children. This can be done by purchasing long-term care insurance or by making sure an individual you receives the benefits to which he or she may entitled to under the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Veterans may also seek benefits from the Veterans Administration.
    Medicaid 
    For all practical purposes, in the United States the only “insurance” plan for long-term institutional care is Medicaid. Lacking access to alternatives such as paying privately or Medicare, most people pay out of their own pockets for long-term care until they become eligible for Medicaid. Although their names are confusingly alike, Medicaid and Medicare are quite different programs. For one thing, all retirees who receive Social Security benefits also receive Medicare as their health insurance. Medicare is an “entitlement” program. Medicaid, on the other hand, is a form of welfare — or at least that’s how it began. So to be eligible for Medicaid, you must become “impoverished” under the program’s guidelines.
    Also, unlike Medicare, which is totally federal, Medicaid is a joint federal-state program. Each state operates its own Medicaid system, but this system must conform to federal guidelines in order for the state to receive federal money, which pays for about half the state’s Medicaid costs. (The state picks up the rest of the tab.)
    This complicates matters, since the Medicaid eligibility rules are somewhat different from state to state, and they keep changing. (The states also sometimes have their own names for the program, such as “MediCal” in California and “MassHealth” in Massachusetts.) Both the federal government and most state governments seem to be continually tinkering with the eligibility requirements and restrictions. This has most recently occurred with the passage of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (the DRA) which significantly changed rules governing the treatment of asset transfers and homes of nursing home residents. The implementation of these changes will proceed state-by-state over the next few years. Those who are not in immediate need of long-term care may have the luxury of distributing or protecting their assets in advance. This way, when they do need long-term care, they will quickly qualify for Medicaid benefits. Giving general rules for so-called “Medicaid planning” is difficult because every client’s case is different. Some have more savings or income than others. Some are married, others are single. Some have family support, others do not. Some own their own homes, some rent. Still, a number of basic strategies and tools are typically used in Medicaid planning.
    Transfers
    Congress has established a period of ineligibility for Medicaid for those who transfer assets. This period of ineligibility is determined by dividing the amount transferred by what Medicaid determines to be the average private pay cost of a nursing home in the state where the person is applying for Medicaid. The DRA significantly changed rules governing the treatment of asset transfers. For transfers made prior to enactment of the DRA on February 8, 2006, state Medicaid officials will look only at transfers made within the 36 months prior to the Medicaid application (or 60 months if the transfer was made to or from certain kinds of trusts). But for transfers made after passage of the DRA the so-called “lookback” period for all transfers is 60 months.
    Another significant change in the treatment of transfers made by the DRA has to do with when the penalty period created by the transfer begins. Under the prior law, the 20-month penalty period created by a transfer of $100,000 in the example described above would begin either on the first day of the month during which the transfer occurred, or on the first day of the following month, depending on the state. Under the DRA, the 20-month period will not begin until (1) the transferor has moved to a nursing home, (2) he has spent down to the asset limit for Medicaid eligibility, (3) has applied for Medicaid coverage, and (4) has been approved for coverage but for the transfer.
    For instance, if an individual transfers $100,000 on April 1, 2006, moves to a nursing home on April 1, 2007, and spends down to Medicaid eligibility on April 1, 2008, that is when the 20-month penalty period will begin, and it will not end until December 1, 2009. How this change will be implemented from state-to-state will be worked out over the next few years.
    Transfers should be made carefully, with an understanding of all the consequences. People who make transfers must be careful not to apply for Medicaid before the five-year lookback period elapses without first consulting with an elder law attorney. This is because the penalty could ultimately extend even longer than five years, depending on the size of the transfer.
    One of the prime planning techniques used prior to the enactment of the DRA, often referred to as “half a loaf,” was for the Medicaid applicant to give away approximately half of his or her assets. It worked this way: before applying for Medicaid, the prospective applicant would transfer half of his or her resources, thus creating a Medicaid penalty period. The applicant, who was often already in a nursing home, then used the other half of his or her resources to pay for care while waiting out the ensuing penalty period. After the penalty period had expired, the individual could apply for Medicaid coverage.
    Example: Mrs. Jones had savings of $72,000. The average private-pay nursing home rate in her state is $6,000 a month. When she entered a nursing home, she transferred $36,000 of her savings to her son. This created a six-month period of Medicaid ineligibility ($36,000 ÷ $6,000 = 6). During these six months, she used the remaining $36,000 plus her income to pay privately for her nursing home care. After the six-month Medicaid penalty period had elapsed, Mrs. Jones would have spent down her remaining assets and be able to qualify for Medicaid coverage.
    While a person can generally give away approximately half of their assets, the exact amount depended on a variety of factors, including the cost of care, the transfer penalty in the state, income, and possible other expenses. One of the main goals of the DRA was to eliminate this kind of planning.
    Transfers should be made carefully, with an understanding of all the consequences. In any case, as a rule, one should never transfer assets for Medicaid planning unless he or she keeps enough funds to (1) pay for any care needs he/she may have during the resulting period of ineligibility for Medicaid; and (2) feel comfortable and have sufficient resources to maintain his or her present lifestyle. MINIMUM 500 word Essay)
    Is Medicaid planning ethical? In other words, if I have a lot of assets, should society condone the practice of allowing a person to employ strategies to deliberately impoverish himself/herself by giving away assets, etc. so that the government will then pay for nursing home care?AS PER THE SYLLABUS, ASSIGNMENT IS DUE BY 6pm SUNDAY 3/5/17. YOU CAN SUBMIT EARLY, , SO I EXPECT A WELL WRITTEN, POLISHED WRITING, FREE OF SPELLING AND GRAMMATICAL ERRORS. This is NOT intended to be strictly opinion. The issue of medicaid spending down is an issue that is highly disputed so I expect you to do the following: You are going to read your text and do research and first define medicaid (as opposed to medicare (hint-define that too!), support the definitions of course, tell me why people are on it (i.e., what age group and why do they need it, etc.) and then explain spending down and why people do it and which groups typcially do it (or does everyone do it?). Then I would expect you to tell me if there are any ethical rules/laws/regulations regarding this process (cite them of course) and then feel free to tell me if you agree with them. As with your other assignments, I expect you to provide a well thought out piece of work complete with citations, proof-read and at least 500 words. Good luck!

Implementation of the Care Plan – Nursing Homes

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Implementation of the Care Plan – Nursing Homes

Question description

Phase 6: Implementation of the Care Plan

You are now in Phase 6 of your Capstone project. You have developed a comprehensive care plan for the aggregate. Over the next two weeks, you will develop an implementation plan for your aggregate.
The first step to effective implementation is planning. As you go about this task, answer the following questions:

  • What small group would you select (for example, three families with young children, a group of five AIDS patients, and so on)? What made you select this particular group?
  • What portion of the plan would you like to implement in the small group?
  • What health risk do you expect to tackle by implementing this intervention?
  • What results do you expect?
  • How do you plan to implement this intervention? Do you have any specific strategy in mind? What resources will you need?
  • How long do you think it will take for the results to be seen?
  • What resources do you need?

By the due date assigned, prepare a 1-2 page Microsoft Word document with your responses to the questions above and submit it to the Submissions Area.

Criteria
Student did not submit assignment. No group selected. Selected a group but no rationale provided for the selection. Selected a small group and provided vague rationale for the selection. Selected an appropriate, small group and provided rationale for the selection.
Criteria
Student did not submit assignment. No selection of the
plan identified for implementation.		 Identified the section
of the plan that will be implemented in the small group. Included no rationale for the selection.		 Identified the section
of the plan that is appropriate for implementation in the small group. Included vague rationale for
the selection.		 Identified the section
of the plan that is appropriate for implementation in the small group. Included clear and appropriate rationale for the selection.
Criteria
Student did not submit assignment. No description
included.		 Unclear description
included.		 Clear description
included.		 Clear description
included along with appropriate rationale.
Criteria
Student did not submit assignment. No description
included.		 Unclear description
included.		 Clear description
included.		 Clear description
included along with appropriate rationale.
Criteria
Student did not submit assignment. No description
included.		 Unclear description
included.		 Clear description
included and listed resources needed.		 Clear description
included along with specific strategies, and listed resources needed.
Criteria
Student did not submit assignment. No estimate provided. Provided an estimate
but with no rationale.		 Provided an estimate
but with vague rationale.		 Provided an estimate
but with clear rationale.
Criteria
Student did not submit assignment. Did not participate in implementation discussion. Participated in implementation discussion with very little input. Participated in implementation discussion. Participated in the implementation discussion with a clear proposal.
Criteria
Student did not submit assignment. Introduction is limited
or missing entirely.
The paper lacks a thesis statement.
Transitions are infrequent, illogical, or missing entirely.
Conclusion is limited or missing entirely.		 Introduction is
present but incomplete or underdeveloped.
The paper is loosely organized around a thesis that may have to be inferred.
Transitions are sporadic.
Conclusion is present, but incomplete or underdeveloped.		 Introduction has a
clear opening, provides background information, and states the topic.
The paper is organized around an arguable, clearly stated thesis statement.
Transitions are appropriate and help the flow of ideas.
Conclusion summarizes main argument and has a clear ending.		 Introduction catches
the reader’s attention, provides compelling and appropriate background info, and clearly states the topic.
The paper is well organized around an arguable, focused thesis.
Thoughtful transitions clearly show how ideas relate.
Conclusion leaves the reader with a sense of closure and provides concluding insights.
Criteria
Student did not submit assignment. Writing contains
numerous errors in spelling, grammar, and/or sentence structure that severely interferes with readability and comprehension.		 Errors in spelling and
grammar exist that somewhat interfere with readability and/or comprehension.		 Writing follows
conventions of spelling and grammar throughout. Errors are infrequent and do not interfere with readability or comprehension.		 The paper is basically
error free in terms of mechanics. Grammar and mechanics help establish a clear idea and aid the reader in following the writer’s logic.
Criteria
Student did not submit assignment. No attempt at APA
format.		 APA format is
attempted to paraphrase, quote,
and cite, but errors
are significant.		 Using APA format,
accurately paraphrased, quoted,
and cited in many
spots throughout when appropriate or called for. Errors present are somewhat minor.		 Using APA format,
accurately paraphrased, quoted,
and cited throughout
the presentation when appropriate or called for. Only a few minor errors present.
Overall Score

Assignment 2: LASA

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Assignment 2: LASA

Question description

Assignment 2: LASA

In examining the history of gerontological nursing, one must marvel at the advocacy and perseverance of nurses who have remained deeply committed to the care of older adults despite struggling against insurmountable odds over the years.
Bernita Steffl asserts “There is always an interesting person there, sometimes locked in the cage of age. I think I have helped at least a few of my students with this approach, ‘You see me as I am now, but I see myself as I’ve always been and all the things I’ve been—not just an old lady” (as cited in Ebersole & Touhy, 2006, p. 52).
Reference:
Ebersole, P., & Touhy, T. (2006). Geriatric nursing: Growth of a specialty. New York: Springer.
Tasks:
Select a topic specifically related to gerontological nursing. This must not be the same topic you used in previous papers.
Prior approval of the topic must be obtained from the instructor. Examples of possible topics include:

  • Advanced Directives
  • Issues related to death and dying
  • Elder abuse
  • Polypharmacy in elderly
  • Sexuality of elderly
  • Nutrition and hydration of older adults
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Respite Care
  • Risk reduction for elderly
  • Coping with prostate problems
  • Menopause
  • Cognitive testing of the gerontologic patient

Create an 8- to 10-page paper addressing the following:

  1. Describe the significance of the topic, i.e., why is the topic important to you as a nursing student. Why did you choose the topic?
  2. State pertinent statistics, re: the topic, i.e., prevalence of disease, percentage of gerontological clients with the disorder, etc.
  3. Choose a gerontologic disease or disorder as a topic, include all information including medical/nursing diagnosis, etiology, signs and symptoms, laboratory data, treatments, and prognosis.OrIf a topic other than a disease is chosen (i.e., housing for the elderly, etc.), provide a complete and concise information review of the topic.
  4. State the relevance of the subject to the nursing profession and specify the nursing implications.
  5. Include the use of the nursing process and Roy’s adaptation model in the discussion of the nursing implications related to the topic.
  6. Discuss relevant nursing interventions and the associated short and long-term goals individually.

Make sure you write in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrate ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; display accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
Use at least 8 resources from professional literature to support your discussion. Professional literature may include the Argosy University online library, relevant textbooks, peer reviewed journal articles, and websites created by professional organizations, agencies, or institutions (.edu, .org, or .gov).
Submission Details:

  • By the due date assigned, post your assignment to the Submissions Area.
  • Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M7_LASA.doc
    Assignment Components
    Maximum Points
    Described the significance of the topic, i.e., why is the topic important to you as a nursing student. Discussed why you chose the topic?
    36
    Stated the pertinent statistics regarding the topic, i.e., prevalence of disease, percentage of gerontological clients with the disorder, etc.
    40
    Chose a gerontologic disease or disorder as a topic and included all information including medical/nursing diagnosis, etiology, signs and symptoms, laboratory data, treatments, and prognosis.
    or see belowChose a topic other than disease and provided a complete and concise information review of the topic.
    40
    Stated the relevance of the subject to the nursing profession and specify the nursing implications.
    36
    Included the use of the nursing process and Roy’s adaptation model in the discussion of the nursing implications r/t the topic.
    40
    Discussed relevant nursing interventions and the associated short and long-term goals individually.
    36
    Writing Standards
    Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in appropriate and accurate representation and attribution of sources; and displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation. APA format was used..
    72
    Total: 30