The impact of mobile devices on cybersecurity

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THE IMPACT OF THE NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND (NCLB) ACT ON PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION

Writing Assignment #2 will be a critical annotated bibliography of 12 sources.
In this assignment you will write a list of at least 12 references in alphabetical order in APA format.  In addition, each reference will be followed by a short analytical summary of 150-200 words.
 
At the end of the short summary, you will include a sentence or two that critically analyzes the source and that mentions distinctive features about the article and why it may or may not be useful for you in writing a literature review.
You may select a topic of your choice.  However, when selecting a topic, keep in mind that it should be a topic on which a number of studies or scholarly articles have been published.  
Examples of topics students have chosen in the past or that would be workable for this assignment are the following:

  • The impact of the Internet on research methods of students and plagiarism in student papers
  • The impact of The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act on primary school education
  • The impact of mobile devices on cybersecurity

 
Overall, in considering a topic, you might consider your major, topics that will be covered in future classes you plan to take at UMUC, and your interests.
For example, please examine the following ideas:

  • If your major is criminal justice, you might consider researching criminal behavior among homeless individuals, criminal behavior among youth, society’s perception of law enforcement, etc.
  • If your major is psychology, you might consider researching counseling strategies, consumer behavior in online shopping, decision-making in upper-management positions, etc.
  • If your major is history, you might consider researching theories on the Civil War, studies on labor patterns in the United States, an aspect of military history, etc.
  • If your major is social science, you might consider researching community responses to health care threats, co-parenting patterns after divorce, etc.
  • If your major is graphic communication, you might consider researching different categories of graphic communication technology, trends in graphic communication through the years, etc.

 
Whatever topic you consider, keep in mind that it should be a topic on which a number of studies or scholarly articles have been published.  You will conduct all or most of your research using UMUC’s OneSearch function in finding scholarly articles.
This assignment will be an analytical/critical/ annotated bibliography.  The difference between the descriptive/informative annotated bibliography and the analytical/critical annotated bibliography is explained in the following video:
http://www.umuc.edu/library/tutorials/bibliography/bibliography.shtml
The transcript is at http://www.umuc.edu/library/libhow/bibliography_tutorial.cfm#transcript.
 
The following are some links to sample Annotated Bibliographies.  Some of them give examples in APA format. You may want to observe these examples and perhaps model your work after them.

  • A variety of samples from The University of North Carolina Writing Center, including these specific examples of APA-style annotations.
  • Some instruction from Cornell University.  The website also provides more information on the process of writing an annotated bibliography.
  • Some samples from Memorial University in Newfoundland.
  • Some instruction from East Carolina University.

The following is a suggested rubric for this assignment.  Your instructor may modify this rubric.
12 sources are listed in alphabetical order by last name
5
Sources are scholarly or appropriate
20
Summaries are thorough
40
Evaluative sentences are clear and effective
5
Grammar and mechanics are accurate
20
APA format is used
10
Total
100

DISCUSS WHY THE RISK FOR BECOMING ADDICTED TO DRUGS IS INCREASED IN THOSE WITH A FAMILY HISTORY OF DRUG DEPENDENCE.

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DISCUSS WHY THE RISK FOR BECOMING ADDICTED TO DRUGS IS INCREASED IN THOSE WITH A FAMILY HISTORY OF DRUG DEPENDENCE.

Article
Prepared by: Mary H. Maguire, California State University, Sacramento Kim Schnurbush, California State University,Sacramento
Psychology of Drugs and Abuse
Drug Addiction May Be Hereditary, Study Suggests
Steve Connor
Learning Outcomes
After reading this article, you will be able to:

  • Discuss the role of genetics in drug addiction. • Identify the contribution of self-control to drug addiction.

The human brain may be “wired up” for addictive behav- iour according to a study that shows how some people are more likely than others to become addicted to crack cocaine.
Scientists have found specific abnormalities in the brains of regular cocaine users which are likely to have been present in early childhood rather than coming about as a result of the drug misuse.
The researchers also found similar abnormalities in the brothers and sisters of cocaine addicts—even though the sib- lings were not themselves drug users—but did not find the same brain patterns in the general population.
The discovery of specific brain abnormalities in the families of drug addicts suggests a genetic basis for addictive behav- iour. But it also implies that some people can overcome this predisposition to remain free of drugs, said Karen Ersche of the University of Cambridge.
“Cocaine is a highly addictive drug but only some people get hooked on it. However, your chances of getting hooked rise about eight times if you have a family member who is addicted,” Dr Ersche said.
“Our findings suggest that drug addiction is not a failure of character or a life-style choice. It’s a problem with the brain.
If your brain is wired for addiction it’s easier for the drugs to take over, but the good thing is that this is not inevitable,” she said.
The study, funded by the Medical Research Council and published in the journal Science, used hospital scanners to anal- yse the brains of 50 cocaine addicts and compared them against the brain scans of their nonaddicted siblings. As an overall con- trol, the researchers also scanned the brains of 50 unrelated, healthy volunteers.
The scans showed that both the addicts and their siblings shared defects in the nerve fibres that communicate with the front part of the brain, the temporal cortex, which is known to be involved in controlling impulsive behaviour.
Previous research has shown that drug addiction is linked with brain abnormalities involved with self control but it was not known whether the drug misuse was the cause or the result of the irregularities in the brain.
“Given that some forms of drug addiction are thought to develop out of bad habits that get out of control, it’s intriguing that siblings who don’t abuse drugs show similar brain abnor- malities as the ones who have been abusing drugs for many years,” Dr Ersche said.
“Our findings now shed light on why the risk of becoming addicted to drugs is increased in people with a family history of drug or alcohol dependence—parts of their brains underlying self-control abilities work less efficiently,” she said.
“The use of drugs such as cocaine further exacerbates this problem, paving the way for addiction to develop from occa- sional use,” she added.
The next stage of the research is to find out why the drug- free siblings were able to avoid getting hooked on drugs.
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Drug Addiction May Be Hereditary, Study Suggests by Steve Connor
They may have developed other interests that led them away from drug taking, or have been influenced by older family members.
“While we still have more work to do to fully address the reasons why some family members show a greater resilience against addiction, our results will provide the scientific basis for the development of more effective prevention and treatment for people at risk,” Dr Ersche said.
Professor Les Iversen of the University of Oxford said: “These new findings reinforce the view that the propensity to addiction is dependent on inherited differences in brain cir- cuitry, and offer the possibility of new ways of treating high- risk individuals to develop better ‘self control’.”
Critical Thinking

  1. Discusswhytheriskforbecomingaddictedtodrugsis increased in those with a family history of drug dependence.

Analyze two different theories that explain the onset of drug addiction.
Internet References
National Council on Alcohol and Drug Dependence
https://ncadd.org
National Institute on Drug Abuse
http://www.drugabuse.gov
Connor, Steve, “Drug Addiction May Be Hereditary, Study Suggests,” The Independent, February 3, 2012. Copyright © 2012 The Independent. Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.

A BRIEF COMPARISON (SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES) BETWEEN THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCCESSFUL AND UNSUCCESSFUL POLICE OFFICERS

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A BRIEF COMPARISON (SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES) BETWEEN THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCCESSFUL AND UNSUCCESSFUL POLICE OFFICERS

a brief comparison (similarities and differences) between the psychological characteristics of successful and unsuccessful police officers. Then, explain any conclusions drawn or insights gained because of this comparison. Support your comparison with references to the Learning Resources.
Please cite from:Bartol, C. R., & Bartol, A. M. (2013). Introduction to forensic psychology: Research and application (Laureate Education, Inc., custom Ed.) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
 
and these are extra cites:

  • Article: Drew, J., Carless, S. A., & Thompson, B. M. (2008). Predicting turnover of police officers using the sixteen personality factor questionnaire. Journal of Criminal Justice, 36(4), 326–331. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Article: Fagan, M. M., & Ayers, K., Jr. (1982). The life of a police officer: A developmental perspective. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 9(3), 273–285. Fagan & AyersCopyright 1982 by SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. JOURNALS. Reprinted by permission of SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. JOURNALS via the Copyright Clearance Center
  • Article: McGrath, R., & Guller, M. (2009). Concurrent validity of the candidate and officer personnel survey (COPS). International Journal of Police Science & Management, 11(2), 150–159. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Article: Sanders, B. A. (2008). Using personality traits to predict police officer performance. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 31(1), 129–147. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Article: Sarchione, C. D., Cuttler, M. J., Muchinsky, P. M., & Nelson-Gray, R. O. (1998). Prediction of dysfunctional job behaviors among law enforcement officers.Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(6), 904–912. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Article: Sollund, R. (2008). Tough cop—Soft cop? The impact of motivations and experiences on police officers’ approaches to the public. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 9(2), 119–140. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Analyze the arguments for and against the medical use of psychedelic drugs.

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DISCUSS THE BENEFITS AND THE CHALLENGES IN THE USE OF PSYCHEDELIC DRUGS.

 


Transcending the Medical Frontiers: Exploring the Future of Psychedelic Drug Research by David Jay B
Main Book Content:
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Transcending the Medical Frontiers: Exploring the Future of Psychedelic Drug Research by David Jay Brown
Prepared by: Mary H. Maguire, California State University, Sacramento Article Kim Schnurbush, California State University,Sacramento
Transcending the Medical Frontiers
Exploring the Future of Psychedelic Drug Research
David Jay Brown
Learning Outcomes
After reading this article, you will be able to:
• Discuss the history of psychedelic drug use.
• Discuss the medical benefits of psychedelic drugs.
• Analyze the arguments for and against the medical use of psychedelic drugs.
When I was in graduate school studying behavioral neuroscience I wanted nothing more than to be able to conduct psychedelic drug research. However, in the mid-1980s, this was impossible to do at any academic insti- tution on Earth. There wasn’t a single government on the entire planet that legally allowed clinical research with psychedelic drugs. However, this worldwide research ban started to recede in the early 1990s, and we’re currently witnessing a renaissance of medical research into psychedelic drugs.
Working with the Multidisciplinary Association for Psyche- delic Studies (MAPS) for the past four years as their guest edi- tor has been an extremely exciting and tremendously fruitful endeavor for me. It’s a great joy to see how MDMA can help people suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), how LSD can help advanced-stage cancer patients come to peace with the dying process, and how ibogaine can help opi- ate addicts overcome their addiction. There appears to be enor- mous potential for the development of psychedelic drugs into effective treatments for a whole range of difficult-to-treat psy- chiatric disorders.
However, as thrilled as I am by all the new clinical studies exploring the medical potential of psychedelic drugs, I still long for the day when our best minds and resources can be
applied to the study of these extraordinary substances with an eye that looks beyond their medical applications, toward their ability to enhance human potential and explore new realities.
This article explores these possibilities. But first, let’s take a look at how we got to be where we are.
A Brief History of Time-Dilation Studies
Contemporary Western psychedelic drug research began in 1897, when the German chemist Arthur Heffter first isolated mescaline, the primary psychoactive compound in the peyote cactus. In 1943 Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann discovered the hallucinogenic effects of LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) at Sandoz Pharmaceuticals in Basel while studying ergot, a fun- gus that grows on rye. Then, 15 years later, in 1958, he was the first to isolate psilocybin and psilocin—the psychoactive components of the Mexican “magic mushroom,” Psilocybe mexicana.
Before 1972, nearly 700 studies with LSD and other psyche- delic drugs were conducted. This research suggested that LSD has remarkable medical potential. LSD-assisted psychotherapy was shown to safely reduce the anxiety of terminal cancer patients, alcoholism, and the symptoms of many difficult-to- treat psychiatric illnesses
Between 1972 and 1990 there were no human studies with psychedelic drugs. Their disappearance was the result of a political backlash that followed the promotion of these drugs by the 1960s counterculture. This reaction not only made these substances illegal for personal use, but also made it extremely difficult for researchers to get government approval to study them