Explain why sex-linked traits appear more often in males than in females.

/in /by
Discussion
1. In a mating between a red-eyed male fruit fly and a red-eyed heterozygous female, what percentage of the female offspring is expected to be carriers? How did you determine the percentage?
2. In a mating between a red-eyed male fruit fly and a white-eyed female fruit fly, what percentage of the male offspring will have white eyes? Describe how you determined the percentage.
3. Hemophilia, a blood disorder in humans, results from a sex-linked recessive allele. Suppose that a daughter of a mother without the allele and a father with the allele marries a man with hemophilia. What is the probability that the daughter’s children will develop the disease? Describe how you determined the probability.
4. Colorblindness results from a sex-linked recessive allele. Determine the genotypes of the offspring that result from a cross between a color-blind male and a homozygous female who has normal vision. Describe how you determined the genotypes of the offspring.
5. Explain why sex-linked traits appear more often in males than in females.
6. In humans, hemophilia is a sex-linked recessive trait. It is located on the X chromosome. Remember that the human female genotype is XX and the male genotype is XY. Suppose that a daughter of a mother without the allele and a father with the allele marries a man with hemophilia. What is the probability that the daughter’s children will develop the disease? Describe how you determined the probability.
7. Colorblindness also results from a sex-linked recessive allele on the X chromosome in humans. Determine the genotypes of the offspring that result from a cross between a color-blind male and a homozygous female who has normal vision. Describe how you determined the genotypes of the offspring.
8. Based on the traits explained in questions 6 and 7, explain why sex-linked traits in humans appear more often in males than in females.

Fungi Diversity

/in /by
BI 101 Online Study Guide
Fungi Diversity Study Guide
• To be filled out while you view the lecture and read the assigned text.
Learning Objectives
● Describe and identify the common names AND scientific names of all five main phyla of fungi. ● List key features of each phyla that identifies each phylum. ● Describe how fungi obtain food. ● Discuss reproductive strategies of fungi and identify important cells/structures. ● Describe the role of fungi in mycorrhizae and lichen.
Key Terms
mutualism parasites mycorrhizae Chytridiomycota lichen mycobiont photobiont Glomeromycota fungi yeasts decomposers Ascomycota (sac fungi) mushrooms zygomycosis gills Basidiomycota (club fungi) mycelium hyphae spores Zygomycota (molds) extracellular digestion
Fungi Diversity:
1. List the three different lifestyles that fungi can exhibit and give an example of each.
2. List the four defining characteristics of fungi. a.
b.
c.
d.
3. What is one of the only characteristics that fungi share with plants?
4. The _____________ makes up the majority of the fungus body and consists of a complex mass of filaments.
5. Explain the difference between a hyphae and a mycelium.
6. _____________is the main component of the fungus cell wall. What other types of structures in other organisms can this substance be found?
Fungi Diversity – 1
BI 101 Online Study Guide
7. What is an exozyme (short for exo-enzyme)?
8. Describe the two different types of reproductive structures that are found in the fungi kingdom. a.
b.
Which of these two structures is more common in the fungi kingdom?
9. Which is a more prominent structure in fungi, the reproductive structures or the mycelium? Think about this both in terms of size and longevity.
10. List several characteristics of fungal spores and how they contribute to the reproductive success of fungi.
11. List several examples of ways that humans benefit from fungi.
12. What is a fungi derived disease called? An example might be athlete’s foot or a yeast infection.
13. Are fungi ever a threat to other life forms such as plants and animals? Explain.
14. For each of the five major phyla of fungi, list some important features that are unique to that group. a. Chytridiomycota:
b. Zygomycetes:
c. Glomeromycetes:
d. Basidiomycetes:
e. Ascomycetes:
Fungi Diversity – 2
BI 101 Online Study Guide
15. When we purchase a mushroom from the grocery store to put on a pizza or in an omelet, is the structure that we are buying a hyphae or mycelium? Explain.
16. Two types of ecologically important relationships fungi contribute to are _______________ and ___________.
17. What are the two different parts of a lichen?
18. The mycobiont is usually from the phylum ____________, while the photobiont can be either a ____________ or a ____________.
19. Describe how a lichen reproduces.
20. Lichens are said to be “bio-indicators” of _______________ quality because many species only grow where there is a lack of ____________.
21. Mycorrhizae is a mutualistic relationship between a ________________ and a________________.
22. What does each component contribute to the relationship?
23. After viewing the last slide of the lecture presentation, describe the differences between a tree that was planted with and without mycorrhizae.
24. Answer the following about the fungi phyla. a. What is the most primitive group i.e. the outgroup? ___________________.
b. Which two divisions are most closely related? _____________________ & ______________.
c. Which division has the greatest number of described species? _______________________.
Fungi Diversity – 3

Obesity Discrimination

/in /by

Obesity Discrimination
Obesity is defined as having excess body fat. According to the most recent statistics available, more than one-third of all adults in the United States are considered obese. Over the past 20 years, there has been a dramatic increase in obesity in the United States. You can visit http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html to read more about the facts of adult obesity. There are considerable medical, social, and financial costs to being obese.
Topic 1: Obesity Discrimination
For this week’s Discussion, read the articles on obesity discrimination as well as the position statement from the Weight Bias Task Force.
Discuss the following in your initial post:
After reading the articles, explore your opinion on obesity by answering the following questions. Remember, you should remain professional at all times and outline your opinions in a respectful manner. Feel free to do some further reading or research in the Kaplan Library.
1. Are obese men subject to the same levels of discrimination as obese women? Why or why not?
2. What age group suffers the most from this discrimination? Why do you think it is so?
3. What advice would you give a friend who struggles with obesity and obesity discrimination?
Remeto get involved throughout the entire week

· to contribute in a way that adds to the discussion and moves it forward in an original fashion

· to use the course content to form your posts and responses

As a guideline, should be at least 150 words

Keep in mind that when you post, you should include references such as the textbook and articles found online. The class is enhanced by sharing knowledge, so use Discussions as a way of creating a community resource for yourself and your classmates.

Textbook Reference:

Grosvenor, M., & Smolin, L. (2015). Visualizing nutrition: Everyday choices, (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Website Reference:

Centers for Disease Prevention and Control. (2015, September 2015). Adult obesity facts. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html

A Vegetarian Diet

/in /by

The Vegetarian Society defines vegetarians as individuals that eat no meat, poultry, fish, or seafood. They do not eat any slaughter byproducts such as gelatin or animal fats. Vegans are defined as vegetarians that eat no dairy or egg products as well.
Topic 1: A Vegetarian Diet
Discuss the following in your initial post:
1. What does a vegan eat?
2. Why do people choose to become vegetarian? What are the right or wrong reasons?
3. Is meat important in your culture? Why or why not?
4. Would you ever consider going vegetarian or vegan? If you already are a vegetarian, what made you choose this lifestyle?
5. How would your family react if you chose to eat vegetarian or vegan? If you are already a vegetarian, how did your family react to your choice?
6. What nutritional concerns would you have for a growing teenager if they choose a vegetarian or vegan lifestyle?
· to get involved throughout the entire week

· to contribute in a way that adds to the discussion and moves it forward in an original fashion

· to use the course content to form your posts and responses

As a guideline, should be at least 150 words and

Textbook Reference:

Grosvenor, M., & Smolin, L. (2015). Visualizing nutrition: Everyday choices, (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.