Impact Of Laws, Policies, And Regulations (Measles Outbreak)

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Journal: Impact Of Laws, Policies, And Regulations (Measles Outbreak)

Please use the article: Measles Outbreak — California, December 2014–February 2015
Link to Article: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6406a5.htm?s_cid=mm6406a5_w
Prompt: In a journal assignment, discuss the laws, policies, and regulations that impact public health mitigation strategies or that must be considered. Be sure to include the following critical elements:
Explain the specific public health laws, policies, and regulations related to the programs that combat the identified pathogen.
Assess the impact of the identified public health laws, policies, and regulations on the public health programs in place to combat the specific pathogen. What steps do the programs take to ensure they are meeting the specific regulations?
Guidelines for Submission: Submit assignment as a Word document with double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, and one-inch margins. Your entry must be 1-2 pages with at least 2 citations in APA format.

Paper on Disease Process

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BIOL 102

Paper on Disease Process Instructions
The focus of this course has been the structure and function of the human body. A disease process results when there is a disorder of this structure or function.This paper will be a 900-1,200-word research-based paper in current APA format focusing on a disease process of your choice. The paper must include at least 2 scholarly references in addition to the course textbooks and materials. The disease chosen must involve at least three organ systems and the effect of the disease on these systems must be detailed in the paper. If you choose a broad disease process like cancer, you will need to specify the type, such as pancreatic cancer. The body is interrelated and the effects of a given disease will often present with common symptoms. The effect of the disease on the body’s efforts to maintain homeostasis should be addressed, as should all other given parameters.
Content and Outline
Use the following headings when writing your paper. Each point on the outline below must be a separate section (with the section heading in APA format) within your paper.
I. Introduction
· Indicate the disease to be discussed
· Indicate the organ systems affected
· Provide a brief overview of disease
II. Description
· Describe disease process
· Explain disease effect on organ systems
· Discuss effect on homeostasis and the body as a whole
III. Diagnosis
· Outline how the disease is diagnosed
· Include common symptoms
· Discuss the main causes of the disease
IV. Treatment
· Discuss treatment and management of the disease
· Outline steps for prevention of diseasae (if possible)
V. Conclusion
· Provide a summary statement for your paper.
· Do not introduce new material in your conclusion.
Length
This paper must be 900–1,200 words. Do not exceed this word limit. The title page and reference page do not count toward this word total.
Format
You must use current APA formatting. Papers must be double-spaced with 1-inch margins. Font is to be 12-point Times New Roman. Include a title page with your name, instructor’s name, course number and title (i.e., BIOL101, Human Biology), date, and paper title. There is no need to include an abstract in your paper. APA Style Central http://ezproxy.liberty.edu/login?url=http://APAStyleCENTRAL.apa.org
Sources
Your papaer must include at least 2 scholarly sources in addition the course textbooks and materials.
Acceptable sources include journal articles, manuscripts, scholarly textbooks, and/or internet sites from .edu or .gov sources. Avoid internet sites from .com, .net, .org, etc. as the information contained therein is not often peer reviewed.
Citation
Be sure to cite your sources in the body of your paper using current APA formatting. Examples of current APA formatting rules can be found here. Also, a presentation about current APA formatting is provided in Module/Week 6.
Plagiarism
Plagiarism is a serious academic infringement. Avoid it at all costs. To learn more about plagiarism and how to avoid it, visit this website. Note that you are fully responsible for any plagiarism detected by the instructor of this course. Cases of plagiarism will be dealt with according to current policies established by Liberty University Online.
Submission
Submit your work to Blackboard as a Microsoft Word document. Do not paste your paper in the submission box in Blackboard, only upload the Word document.
Submit your Disease Essay by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 6.

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BIOL102
Paper on Disease Process Grading Rubric

Criteria Levels of Achievement Points Earned
Advanced Proficient Developing Not Present
Principle Content 45 to 50 points
· All elements listed in the instructions under the five section headings are addressed clearly and are well-supported.
· Content and purpose of the writing is clear.
· Supportive information is strong and addresses the writing focus.		 35 to 44 points
· Some of the elements listed in the instructions under the five section headings are missing or incompletely addressed or not well-supported
· Content is inconsistent (lack of clear purpose and /or clarity).
· Supportive information needs strengthening or does not address writing concepts.		 1 to 34 points
· Most of the elements listed in the instructions under the five section headings are missing or insufficiently addressed.
· Content has unsatisfactory purpose, focus, and clarity.
· Supportive information is missing.		 0 to 0 Points
No requirements are met.
Synthesizes, evaluates and concludes information 27 to 30 points
· Writing is well-structured, clear, and easy-to-follow.
· Introduction compellingly forecasts the topic.
· Each paragraph is unified and has a clear central idea.
· Transitional wording is present throughout the writing.
· Conclusion is a logical end to the writing.		 21 to 26 points
· The writing is adequately organized with some difficult areas to follow.
· The introduction needs to provide a stronger gateway into the writing.
· Some paragraphs lack unity.
· Better transitions are needed to provide fluency of ideas.
· Conclusion is trite or barely serves its purpose.		 1 to 20 points
· Organization and structure detract from the writer’s message.
· The introduction and/or conclusion is incomplete or missing.
· Paragraphs are not unified (more than 1 topic/missing or inadequate controlling and concluding sentences).
· Transitions are missing.
· Conclusion, if present, fails to serve its purpose.		 0 to 0 Points
No requirements are met.

Criteria Levels of Achievement Points Earned
Advanced Proficient Developing Not Present
Grammar/Current APA Syle/Word Count 31 to 35 points
· The writing reflects grammatical, punctuation, and spelling standards.
· Language is accurate, appropriate, and effective.
· Writing’s tone is appropriate and highly effective.
· Writing correctly follows formatting guidelines.
· Parenthetical and bibliographical source citations are used correctly and appropriately.
· There are two or more scholarly sources used in the paper.
· Paper falls within the 900–1,200-word parameter.		 24 to 30 points
· The writing contains some grammatical, punctuation, and/or spelling errors.
· Language is unclear, awkward, or inappropriate in parts.
· The writing’s tone is generally appropriate and moderately effective.
· Writing follows most formatting guidelines, but some flaws are detected.
· Parenthetical and bibliographical source citations are incorrectly formatted or used.
· Fewer than two literature sources, in addition to the course materials, are utilized.
· Paper is between 800–900 or 1,200–1,300 words.		 1 to 23 points
· The writing contains many grammatical, punctuation, and/or spelling errors.
· Language use is largely inaccurate or inappropriate.
· The writing’s tone is ineffective and/or inappropriate.
· Writing lacks many elements of correct formatting.
· Parenthetical and bibliographical source citations and/or references are not provided.
· Paper is fewer than 800 words or greater than 1,300 words.		 0 to 0 Points
No requirements are met.
Total /115
Instructor’s Comments:


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List and describe the physiological effects, complications and weaning procedure of PEEP

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Learning Objectives Covered
1. List and describe the physiological effects, complications and weaning procedure of PEEP
2. Describe techniques such as: weaning approaches, oxygenation titration, closed-loop control, and evidence-based weaning
3. Explain assessment techniques used to determine successful ventilator discontinuance
Background
In week one we discussed extrapulmonary effects of mechanical ventilation. Equally important however is understanding the pulmonary effects, the actual impacts of positive pressure ventilation on the lungs and other respiratory structures.
Competent respiratory therapists know how to ventilate patients in a way that achieves appropriate oxygenation levels and appropriate carbon dioxide levels, but in a way that also minimizes adverse effects on the pulmonary system. The concepts of barotrauma and volutrauma are especially important. The NBRC is very interested in assessing your knowledge in this area. The national board wants to credential therapists who know how to protect patient’s lungs while effectively ventilating them. Another key topic this week involves weaning your patient from the mechanical ventilator. No patient wants to stay on a ventilator for life. We want to “liberate” the patient from the ventilator as soon as feasible, but it is so important to do that safely. We need to make sure that the problem that put the patient on the ventilator has been corrected, and we need to make certain that key parameters have reached safe levels before we give the patient a “spontaneous breathing trial” away from the ventilator. You will learn this week about essential monitoring to make sure that the patient is succeeding with that spontaneous breathing trial. Let us now take a closer look at weaning.
Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation
Ventilator management should be aimed at getting the patient off ventilator support as quickly and safely as possible after stabilization. Weaning (also known today as liberation) should be considered as soon as the underlying disease process that led to mechanical ventilation is under control. For example, if the patient was intubated and ventilated due to pulmonary edema, then weaning can commence as soon as the excess pulmonary fluid has been removed and the patient’s gas exchange improves. This will also be evident on chest x-ray as the disappearance of the butterfly fluid pattern. If the patient was ventilated due to pneumonia, clearing of the chest x-ray infiltrates and improvement of sputum clearance would indicate that we could begin the weaning process.
Definitions Relating to Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation
First, sharing a few definitions to help us classify weaning:
·  Simple weaning: the ventilator is discontinued after the first weaning assessment
·  Difficult weaning: the ventilator is discontinued within one week after the first weaning assessment
·  Prolonged weaning: the ventilator is discontinued more than one week after the first weaning assessment
·  Weaning failure: this is failure to pass a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) or the need for reintubation within 48 hours following extubation
Avoiding Reintubation 
Obviously, we do not want to extubate our patient and then have to reintubate them. So predicting weaning success is very important for reducing the rate of reintubation. Careful attention to the criteria for weaning, and optimal patient management to increase weaning success can both help to avoid reintubation. Reintubation is a very bad prognosticator for the patient, but smart RRT’s can keep reintubation rates very low. Consider the following:
· Reintubation is associated with a 7-10 fold increase in hospital mortality
· Reintubation rates of 10 to 15% are typical for most well run Respiratory Therapy weaning programs
· A reintubation rate of 0% is not realistic, and it would mean that we are not being aggressive enough with our weaning efforts
Criteria to Begin Weaning
· Lung disease is stable and resolving
· Oxygen titration to FiO2 less than 0.5 and PEEP less than 5-8cmH2O
· Hemodynamic stability, little or no pressure (blood pressure) agents
· Neuromuscular ability to initiate spontaneous breathing
 Approaches to Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation  
Weaning is typically a Two-step process leading up to ventilator liberation:
· First, essential weaning parameters are assessed, sometimes called the “wean screen,” and the wean screen should be performed daily once the decision is made to begin weaning. Parameters to be measured here include Maximal Inspiratory Pressure, Spontaneous Tidal Volume, Spontaneous Vital Capacity, Spontaneous Minute Volume, and Spontaneous Respiratory Rate. The Rapid Shallow Breathing Index should also be calculated daily.
· Next, we perform the first weaning trial
Patient Management to Avoid Weaning Delays:
Optimize Respiratory Muscle Power through:
· Good nutrition
· Discontinuing neuromuscular blocking drugs
· Decreasing steroid use
· Encourage spontaneous breathing but avoiding patient exhaustion
· Stabilizing electrolytes
· Physical Therapy for strength and range of motion
Decrease Respiratory Work:
· Patient should be sitting up
Decreasing Respiratory Demand:
· Treat any pyrexia
· Treat agitation
· Minimize respiratory dead space
· Decrease airway resistance
· Decrease abdominal distension
Optimize Ventilatory Drive
· Discontinue patient sedation
· Consider any causes prior to the neuromuscular junction
· Correct any metabolic acidosis
Increase Oxygen Carrying Capacity
· Eliminate atelectasis
· Correct anemia
· Correct any shifts in oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
Optimize Cardiac Function
· Evaluate left ventricular function
· Treat congestive heart failure
· Treat ischemia
Optimize Sputum Clearance
· Treat infection
· Chest physiotherapy
· Suction before trials
· Therapeutic bronchoscopy if appropriate
Techniques of Weaning
· Gradual reduction in mandatory rate during synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation
· Gradual reduction in pressure support ventilation
· Spontaneous breathing through a T-piece
· Spontaneous breathing via the ventilator on flow by with no pressure support and no PEEP
It is important to note that there is no evidence that gradual reduction of ventilation support speeds up the weaning process, so when patients meet Wean Screen criteria, the most rapid approach to weaning is to initiate spontaneous breathing trials, either by T-piece or by flow by.
Evidence-Based Protocols
Weaning protocols simply work, and this has been well demonstrated clinically over recent years. Protocol driven ventilator liberation procedures have clearly demonstrated that traditional care is often associated with significant delays in ventilator withdrawal. Respiratory Therapist (RT) run protocols consistently produce faster ventilator discontinuation times when compared to physician run usual care in the ICU. Perhaps this is because physicians who are leading the weaning process do not adhere to evidence-based guidelines. Also, they simply not be available often enough to move the weaning process forward quickly. There are approved Respiratory Therapy weaning protocols in each facility that allow RT’s to be in charge of the weaning process.
Automated feedback systems
Several recent innovations are improving the weaning process, and automation of weaning is certainly a hot topic in critical care today. For example, Adaptive Support Ventilation (ASV) is the most studied closed loop system in place today. It is an improvement over physician led weaning. Automated systems use a closed-loop control to enable ventilators to perform basic and advanced functions while supporting respiration. These systems provide a unique automated weaning system which measures selected respiratory variables, adapts ventilator output to individual patient needs by operationalizing predetermined algorithms and automatically conducts spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) when predetermined thresholds are met. As a result, there is no delay in weaning when the patient is, in fact, ready. These systems are very new, and research is underway at this time to determine just how effective they really are.
For this assignment, discuss the following relating mechanical ventilation:
The title for this paper should be reflective of what you are to describe.  I might suggest something like this; Adverse Effects of Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation.
List and describe 4 adverse effects of invasive positive pressure ventilation on the pulmonary system with strategies for minimizing or avoiding the negative effects entirely. Be specific about your recommended strategies.
Requirements
Unless specifically stated otherwise, all written assignments are expected to follow the writing style guidelines outlined in the APA Publication Manual, 6th Edition (see link below). Assignments will include a title page, double spacing with indented paragraphs (first line of each paragraph), in-text source citations and a references page.
APA Publication Manual, 6th EditionLinks to an external site.
Assignment Grading Rubric.pdf 
Submit your 500 word assignment (excluding references) in a Word document.  You must have 3 in-text citations with 3 corresponding references shown in proper APA format to defend and support your position.  This assignment is due before midnight, MST, this Saturday.

Press and Public Relations

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PSA’s
Research and analyze a current public health public service announcement (PSA).
Identify the 4Ps of social marketing in the campaign and discuss the appropriateness of this campaign in addressing the health concerns of the target group.
In your opinion, what affect do local and global health education campaigns have in changing health behaviors?
Assignment 1: Press and Public Relations
Press and Public Relations
TO: Agency Health Education and Health Promotion Personnel
FROM: The Director
RE: Press and Public Relations
There is an obvious need for our program to have a greater impact on our community. A great deal of our public relations efforts needs to be focused on gaining good press, radio, and television.
We have a number of activities coming up. Please write press releases and public service announcements for them and distribute them personally to each of the media representatives. Specifically, write the first one for our next major activity, which is “School Entry Immunizations for Children.” You have the date calendar for these events. Also, on Friday of next week, I want to announce to the public that we will test their homes for radon in a new, free program. Please arrange for a press conference for this. To be held in our boardroom at 2:00pm
the second part
Assignment 2: Part 2
Press and Public Relations
In the second part of your course Assignment, you will identify partnerships and funding sources.
Refer to the campaign design-planning template created by the World Health Communication Associates. Use this document as a guide to help you design a health promotion campaign.
The following information should be included in your Assignment: Part II submission:

  • Partnerships (i.e. agencies, community organizations, etc.)
  • Funding Source

Assignment formatting:
Your original work should be at least 2 pages, 12-point font, double-spaced. This does not include title page and references pages.
The viewpoint and purpose of this assignment should be clearly established and sustained. Assignment should follow the conventions of Standard American English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc). Your writing should be well ordered, logical and unified, as well as original and insightful. Your work should display superior content, organization, style, and mechanics.
The paper must follow APA Publication Manual style guidelines and be free of typographical, spelling, and grammatical errors.
second assignment
Leadership Characteristics and Program Needs
Leadership is one of the cornerstones to success in public health programs. Discuss the most important leadership characteristics needed for your health promotion program based on the target population.  Also, identify who would you want as potential “leaders” within your program (i.e. professionals, students, retirees, business owners, clergy, etc.) and explain why you chose these specific individuals.
Present your assignment as a 2-3 page Microsoft Word document. Please include APA-style formatted references in the body of the paper and as a reference list. Upload the document to appropriate Unit dropbox by the due date.