Causes of Population Changes.

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Discussion
Introduction
Worldwide, life is experiencing dramatic extinction on a scale only matched by a handful of events in the history of our planet. The actions of human society appear to be all or part of the cause of most species extinctions documented in human history. Conservation biologists work to understand animal and plant populations in an effort to develop strategies to prevent species from going extinct. In class we discussed bird populations, how they are studied, and some of the most common causes of changes in bird populations.
Assignment
Goal: Students will expand on the framework established in class by studying and thinking about changes in the population of a bird species, how the change was detected, what may have caused the change, and what actions they suggest to address the change. Each student will select one species of bird from a list provided by the instructor. Students may select a species that is not on the list with the instructor’s approval. Each student will write about a different bird species.
Submit a 3-5 page essay, structured as follows:
1. Introduction. Very briefly, provide some basic information about your bird species. What does it look like? What does it eat? What is its preferred habitat? In what part of the world is it found? These basic questions will help inform your thinking in subsequent sections.
2. Population Changes. Research the history of your bird species. Is it common? Endangered? Extinct? In what ways has its population changed? How were the population changes detected?
3. Causes of Population Changes. What reasons have been proposed for the changes in the population of your bird species? What do you think have been the most important causes? Why do you think the cause or causes you named are the most important?
4. Plan for the Future. Now is your opportunity to think like a conservation ornithologist. Is the population of your bird species secure? Are dramatic measures needed to save your bird species from extinction? Propose actions that you think will allow your bird species to thrive for centuries to come.

The theory and politics of transportation and logistics management

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Discussion
Part I:
Prepare a one page description of your Research Project interest. Post the description here
in the Week 1 forum (review syllabus for potential topics of interest).
My topic: A review of the U.S. economy and its impact on transportation and logistics management.
Part II:
Complete this assignment by discussing the theory and politics of transportation and
logistics management. You will have to conduct online research to determine what theories
exist in the field. Likewise, you need to determine what political factors are at play and how
these factors impact the TLM field. Discuss in detail and provide sources to support your
thoughts, insights, ideas, and statements.
Forum Rubric
Instructions: Your initial post should be at least 250 words. Please post more than 2 reply responses of 100 or more words to your classmates or the instructor. Responses should be a minimum of 100 words and include direct questions. Please review the attached rubric for more
details on the forum requirements.

https://edge.apus.edu/access/content/group/management-common/TLMT/Little/TLMT%20Forum%20Grading%20Rubric.docx

Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures

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NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures
What type of drug should you prescribe based on your patient’s diagnosis? How much of the drug should the patient receive? How often should the drug be administered? When should the drug not be prescribed? Are there individual patient factors that could create complications when taking the drug? Should you be prescribing drugs to this patient?
These are some of the questions you might consider when selecting a treatment plan for a patient. As an advanced practice nurse prescribing drugs, you are held accountable for people’s lives on a daily basis. Patients and their families will often place trust in you because of your position. With this trust comes power and responsibility, as well as an ethical and legal obligation to “do no harm.” It is important that you are aware of current professional, legal, and ethical standards for advanced practice nurses with prescriptive authority. In this Discussion, you explore ethical and legal implications of scenarios and consider how to appropriately respond. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
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Scenario 1:
As a nurse practitioner, you prescribe medications for your patients. You make an error when prescribing medication to a 5-year-old patient. Rather than dosing him appropriately, you prescribe a dose suitable for an adult.
Scenario 2:
A friend calls and asks you to prescribe a medication for her. You have this autonomy, but you don’t have your friend’s medical history. You write the prescription anyway. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
Scenario 3:
You see another nurse practitioner writing a prescription for her husband who is not a patient of the nurse practitioner. The prescription is for a narcotic. You can’t decide whether or not to report the incident.
Scenario 4:
During your lunch break at the hospital, you read a journal article on pharmacoeconomics. You think of a couple of patients who have recently mentioned their financial difficulties. You wonder if some of the expensive drugs you have prescribed are sufficiently managing the patients’ health conditions and improving their quality of life. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
To prepare:

  • – Review Chapter 1 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text, as      well as articles from the American Nurses Association, Anderson and      Townsend, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and Philipsend and Soeken.
  • – Select one of the four scenarios listed above.
  • – Consider the ethical and legal implications of the      scenario for all stakeholders involved such as the prescriber, pharmacist,      patient, and the patient’s family.
  • – Think about two strategies that you, as an advanced      practice nurse, would use to guide your ethically and legally responsible      decision-making in this scenario. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.

With these thoughts in mind:
Post an explanation of the ethical and legal implications of the scenario you selected on all stakeholders involved such as the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family. Describe two strategies that you, as an advanced practice nurse, would use to guide your decision making in this scenario. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
– This work should have Introduction and conclusion
– This work should have at 3 to 5current references (Year 2012 and up)
– Use at least 2 references from class Learning Resources
The following Resources are not acceptable:
1. Wikipedia
2. Cdc.gov- nonhealthcare professionals section
3. Webmd.com
4. Mayoclinic.com
Required Readings
**Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

  • Chapter 1, “Issues for the      Practitioner in Drug Therapy” (pp. 3–14)
    This chapter introduces issues relating to drug therapy such as adverse      drug events and medication adherence. It also explores drug safety, the      practitioner’s role and responsibilities in prescribing, and prescription      writing. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
  • Chapter 59, “The Economics      of Pharmacotherapeutics” (pp. 1009-1018)
    This chapter analyzes the costs of drug therapy to health care systems and      society and explores practice guideline compliance and current issues in      medical care.
  • Chapter 60, “Integrative Approaches to      Pharmacotherapy—A Look at Complex Cases” (pp. 1021-1036)
    This chapter examines issues in individual patient cases. It explores      concepts relating to evaluation, drug selection, patient education, and      alternative treatment options. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.

**Crigger, N., & Holcomb, L. (2008). Improving nurse practitioner practice through rational prescribing. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 4(2), 120–125.
Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
This article explores issues relating to prescription drugs, specifically the frequency in which drugs are prescribed to patients. It also examines factors to consider before beginning drug therapy plans with patients.
**Philipsen, N. C., & Soeken, D. (2011). Preparing to blow the whistle: A survival guide for nurses. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 7(9), 740–746. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
This article examines issues that nurses encounter when reporting errors in medical settings. It also outlines the role of ethics and the responsibility of nurses to notify all individuals who are impacted by a medical error.
**American Nurses Association. (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. Nursing World. Retrieved from http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/EthicsStandards/CodeofEthicsforNurses/Code-of-Ethics-For-Nurses.html
NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.This article outlines ethical standards in the nursing profession and identifies nine provisions of care that must be adhered to by all nurses.
**Anderson, P., & Townsend, T. (2010). Medication errors: Don’t let them happen to you. American Nurse Today, 5(3), 23–28. Retrieved from https://americannursetoday.com/medication-errors-dont-let-them-happen-to-you/
This article examines factors that lead to medication errors as well as consequences of these errors on patients and nurses. It also recommends methods for avoiding and eliminating medication errors.
**Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.). Mid-level practitioners authorization by state. Retrieved from August 23, 2012, http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugreg/practioners/index.html
This website outlines the schedules for controlled substances, including prescriptive authority for each schedule.
**Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/
This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.
**Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2012). ISMP’s list of error-prone abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations. Retrieved from http://www.ismp.org/Tools/errorproneabbreviations.pdf
This website provides a list of prescription writing abbreviations that might lead to misinterpretation, as well as suggestions for preventing resulting errors. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
**Byrne, W. (2011). U.S. nurse practitioner prescribing law: A state-by-state summary. Medscape Nurses. Retrieved from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/440315
**Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.). Code of federal regulations. Retrieved August 23, 2012, from http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/cfr/1300/1300_01.htm
NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures

Application: The Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosure

American writer Nikki Giovanni once said: “Mistakes are a fact of life. It is the response to the error that counts” (Goodreads, 2012).  Whenever you make an error when writing a prescription, you must consider the ethical and legal implications of your error—no matter how seemingly insignificant it might be. You may fear the possible consequences and feel pressured not to disclose the error. Regardless, you need to consider the potential implications of non-disclosure. How you respond to the prescription error will affect you, the patient, and the health care facility where you practice. In this Assignment, you examine ethical and legal implications of disclosure and nondisclosure of personal error. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
Consider the following scenario:
You are working as an advanced practice nurse at a community health clinic. You make an error when prescribing a drug to a patient. You do not think the patient would know that you made the error, and it certainly was not intentional.
To prepare:
·        Consider the ethical implications of disclosure and nondisclosure.
·        Research federal and state laws for advanced practice nurses. Reflect on the legal implications of disclosure and nondisclosure for you and the health clinic. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
·        Consider what you would do as the advanced practice nurse in this scenario including whether or not you would disclose your error.
·        Review the Institute for Safe Medication Practices website in the Learning Resources. Consider the process of writing prescriptions. Think about strategies to avoid medication errors.
To complete:
Write a 2- to 3- page paper that addresses the following:
1.      Explain the ethical and legal implications of disclosure and nondisclosure. Be sure to reference laws specific to your stat(OHIO).
2.      Describe what you would do as the advanced practice nurse in this scenario including whether or not you would disclose your error. Provide your rationale.
3.      Explain the process of writing prescriptions including strategies to minimize medication errors.
 

Readings

·        Arcangelo, V. P., & Peterson, A. M. (Eds.). (2013). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (3rd ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
o   Chapter 1, “Issues for the Practitioner in Drug Therapy” (pp. 2–14)
This chapter introduces issues relating to drug therapy such as adverse drug events and medication adherence. It also explores drug safety, the practitioner’s role and responsibilities in prescribing, and prescription writing.
o   Chapter 59, “The Economics of Pharmacotherapeutics” (pp. 918–927). NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
This chapter analyzes the costs of drug therapy to health care systems and society and explores practice guideline compliance and current issues in medical care.
o   Chapter 60, “Integrative Approaches to Pharmacotherapy—A Look at Complex Cases” (pp. 928–939)
This chapter examines issues in individual patient cases. It explores concepts relating to evaluation, drug selection, patient education, and alternative treatment options.
Due to the importance of ethical and legal considerations in advanced practice nursing, several resources have been provided for your reference.
·        Crigger, N., & Holcomb, L. (2008). Improving nurse practitioner practice through rational prescribing. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 4(2), 120–125.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
This article explores issues relating to prescription drugs, specifically the frequency in which drugs are prescribed to patients. It also examines factors to consider before beginning drug therapy plans with patients.
·        Philipsen, N. C., & Soeken, D. (2011). Preparing to blow the whistle: A survival guide for nurses. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 7(9), 740–746.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
This article examines issues that nurses encounter when reporting errors in medical settings. It also outlines the role of ethics and the responsibility of nurses to notify all individuals who are impacted by a medical error.
·        American Nurses Association. (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. Nursing World. Retrieved from
http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/EthicsStandards/CodeofEthicsforNurses/Code-of-Ethics-For-Nurses.html
This article outlines ethical standards in the nursing profession and identifies nine provisions of care that must be adhered to by all nurses.
·        Anderson, P., & Townsend, T. (2010). Medication errors: Don’t let them happen to you. American Nurse Today, 5(3), 23–28. Retrieved from
http://www.americannursetoday.com/assets/0/434/436/440/6276/6334/6350/6356/8b8dac76-6061-4521-8b43-d0928ef8de07.pdf
This article examines factors that lead to medication errors as well as consequences of these errors on patients and nurses. It also recommends methods for avoiding and eliminating medication errors.
·        Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.). Mid-level practitioners authorization by state. Retrieved from August 23, 2012, http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugreg/practioners/index.html
This website outlines the schedules for controlled substances, including prescriptive authority for each schedule.
·        Drug Enforcement Administration. (2006.). Practitioner’s manual. Retrieved from
http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/pubs/manuals/pract/index.html. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
This manual is a resource for practitioners who prescribe, dispense, and administer controlled substances. It provides information on general requirements, security issues, recordkeeping, prescription requirements, and addiction treatment programs.
·        Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/
This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.
·        Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2012). ISMP’s list of error-prone abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations. Retrieved from http://www.ismp.org/Tools/errorproneabbreviations.pdf
This website provides a list of prescription writing abbreviations that might lead to misinterpretation, as well as suggestions for preventing resulting errors. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.

Optional Resources

·        Byrne, W. (2011). U.S. nurse practitioner prescribing law: A state-by-state summary. Medscape Nurses. Retrieved from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/440315
·        Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.). Code of federal regulations. Retrieved August 23, 2012, from
http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/cfr/1300/1300_01.htm. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
·        Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.). Registration. Retrieved August 23, 2012, from
http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/Registration.html. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures
 

Head-to-Toe Assessment Essay

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Head-to-Toe Assessment Essay

Head-to-Toe Assessment  For this assignment, perform a complete head-to-toe assessment on one of your chosen participants. Your analysis should include the following:
•Topical headings to delineate systems.
•For any system for which you do not have equipment, explain how you would do the assessment.
•Detailed review of each system with normal and abnormal findings, along with normal laboratory findings for client age.
•An analysis of age-specific risk reduction, health screen, and immunizations.
•Your expectation of normal findings and what might indicate abnormal findings in your review of systems.
•The differential diagnosis (disease) associated with possible abnormal findings.
•A plan of care (including nursing diagnosis, interventions, evaluation). Head-to-Toe Assessment Essay .
•Client and age-appropriate evidenced based practice strategies for health promotion.
•Pharmacological treatments that can be used to address health issues for this client.   Provide your answers in a 6- to 7-page Microsoft Word document.   Support your responses with examples.   On a separate references page, cite all sources using APA format. Head-to-Toe Assessment Essay .
•Use this APA Citation Helper as a convenient reference for properly citing resources.
•This handout will provide you the details of formatting your essay using APA style.
•You may create your essay in this APA-formatted template. Head-to-Toe Assessment Essay