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M3 Assignment 1 Discussion 
Discussion—Motivational Interviewing and Stages of Changeiscussion—Motivational Interviewing and Stages of Change
Assignment 1: Discussion—Motivational Interviewing and Stages of Change
The stages of change model suggests that clients who are in the process of changing addictive behavior move through successive stages, from limited insight to maintenance of change. These stages will be presented by the client’s attitudes and behaviors. It is the job of the clinician to identify the correct stage and employ specific interventions for the treatment to be successful. Most clients opting for an assessment will likely be in the early stages of change.
The major tenets of motivational interviewing were designed to provide clinicians with tools to facilitate the change process in clients. Extensive research supports its effectiveness and it has become the standard in the past decade. These techniques are grounded in the client-centered approach rather than the confrontational approach to substance abuse treatment used in previous decades.
Use the module readings and the Argosy University online library resources to research motivational interviewing and the stages of change model.
Download and review the case study.
Respond to the following:

• 1. Explain factors for determining the client’s stage of change and identify which stage of change the client is in.
• 2. What two motivational interviewing techniques would be helpful in assessing substance abuse in this case? Give reasons and explanations.

Support your responses using your module readings and authoritative resources. Incorporate theory and factual information in your response.
Write your initial response in 2–3 paragraphs. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.

Your textbook discusses some of the issues related to using children as witnesses in court cases.  There have been many studies done relating to the unreliability of eyewitness testimony in both children and adults.  In the 1980’s and 1990’s, there was a series of court cases related to alleged multi-victim, multi-offender sexual and ritual abuse in day care centers across the country (the McMartin and Little Rascals cases being perhaps the most publicized). 
Please click on the two (2) links below and carefully read the articles:
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/teachers-are-indicted-at-the-mcmartin-preschool
http://littlerascalsdaycarecase.org/
Please post thoroughly thought through answers to the questions below on the Discussion Forum for the week. 
1. How do you think that investigators and therapists, in their quest to find the truth, may have contributed to children making false or exaggerated allegations in these cases?
2.  What implications do these types of cases have for people who run childcare centers?
3.   What are the lessons learned from these cases? 
4.   How should investigators and therapists proceed when a child or their parent makes such    allegations?
5.  How can the investigators and therapists obtain the information they need without manipulating the child’s memory, even if inadvertently.
READING
Cognitive Development
Topics to be covered include: ● Piaget’s theory of cognitive development ● Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory of cognitive development ● The information-processing perspective of cognitive development
Introduction
This lesson will look at three theories on cognitive development. The first theory we will discuss is Piaget’s. Piaget believed that children actively construct their development by adapting their existing knowledge to new situations. We will look at how this unfolds in Piaget’s four stages of development. We will then look at quite a different aspect of cognitive development in the second theory by Vygotsky. Vygotsky believed that cognitive development is mediated by sociocultural factors, and that the zone of proximal development refers to what children can achieve with and without help. The third theory we will look at is information-processing. Information-processing compares our minds to computers, and concentrates on cognitive processes, memory, reasoning and problem-solving. Finally, we will look at how our minds differ from computers because of our awareness of what we know and how we know – an awareness known as metacognition.
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
Photograph Jean Piaget at the University of Michigan campus in Ann Arbor.
INSPIRATION FOR THEORY
In the first lesson, we briefly touched on Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. Piaget’s work on cognitive development began when he was working on IQ tests for children. He noticed that children of the same age got the same questions wrong, and that the answers of different age groups differed systematically from one another. Piaget then began studying cognitive development by giving young children problems to solve, and observing their behavior as they tried to solve these problems, and by giving older children problems to solve, and asking them to explain their thinking processes.
CONSTRUCTIVIST VIEW
The main principle of Piaget’s theory – that children actively seek knowledge – is contradictory to behaviorism which has the perspective that children passively wait for stimuli. Piaget’s theory is a constructivist view because it claims that cognitive development occurs when children build new knowledge onto their existing knowledge base. This refers to the organization of how development occurs.