Managing the risks of organizational accidents by James T. Reason

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I will pay for the following essay Managing the risks of organizational accidents by James T. Reason. The essay is to be 4 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page

I will pay for the following essay Managing the risks of organizational accidents by James T. Reason. The essay is to be 4 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page.
Download file to see previous pages…As the above diagrams elucidate there are layers of defenses placed at every step of operation. When a latent error happens due to at one stage the next operating layer has defenses so that the mistake is not passed on in the chain of procedures. Only when all the layers of operation fall in line to allow for the lapse to carry on does the entire system come crashing down.
The first chapter on “Hazards, Defenses and Losses” brings to light the type of errors (human or organizational) that may occur, the precautions or defenses a person or an organization may take in order to prevent them. Also talked of are the tangible and intangible losses that have to be borne.
“The Human Contribution” is a chapter devoted to the prospect of human error. Though the book in its entirety does not hold individuals responsible for a systemic failure, the many times human errors led to large scale mishaps are explored here. Important examples include the Apollo 13 slip-up, Glenborough disaster, Three Mile Island nuclear reactor accident etc.
“Maintenance cans Seriously Damage your System” is a misnomer as the author presents sets of bad maintenance leading towards the damage of the entire structure. It is a continuation from the previous chapter of the human factor responsible for great errors.
“Navigating the Safety Space” is a chapter wherein the author forays into the amount of leeway allowable to a system before it crashes.
The next four chapters are useful instruction guides to policy makers. design engineers etc. to make for defect minimizing systems.
In “A Practical Guide to Error Management” the author writes on the hands down approach to managing errors.
The chapter “The Regulator’s Unhappy Lot” explains the measures and methods of restructuring an organization to steer clear of catastrophes.
Chapter 9, “Engineering a Safety Culture” suggests a whole lot of relevant arguments for creating a safety culture within an establishment.
“Reconciling the Different Approaches to Safety Management”, the final chapter calls upon managers, engineers and the maintenance people to adapt to appropriate safety techniques in order to avoid the risks of ending up with a disaster financially, materially or otherwise.
Critique: The book is a compulsory read for all personnel working in risky atmosphere, hazardous industries etc. The author has used all his expertise in dealing with the issue of accident negation or at least reduction.
Strengths: The strength of the book lies in its simplicity. The easy to understand language and lucid style make it a universal reference guide for managers and workers alike.

Construction of Poverty.

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Write 8 page essay on the topic Construction of Poverty.Download file to see previous pages… It is irrefutable that countries have not been totally successful in the alleviation of poverty. During 2

Write 8 page essay on the topic Construction of Poverty.
Download file to see previous pages…It is irrefutable that countries have not been totally successful in the alleviation of poverty. During 2001, The World Bank reports that one-third of the world population or less than three billion people live on less than $2 a day. What is also notable is a huge income inequality in the world as the three richest people in the world are seen to have more wealth than all 600 million people thriving in the world’s poorest nations. It is also reported that 50, 000 people die each day due to poverty related causes (Millennium Campaign n.d.). These, together with a lot of empirical evidences show how the world thrives in poverty.
There are a lot of factors which are directly linked with poverty. In fact, there is a continuous debate on the underlying causes of poverty making it a politicized issue. Some critics argue that poverty ensues from personal choices or preferences while the other end associates poverty with factors beyond a person’s choice. The last view poverty as “the result of many systemic factors” like the lack of opportunity which, is traced to the lack of education which, in turn, is due to the lack of government intervention and provision (Poverty 2006).
This report will look at the causes of poverty, specifically how poverty is constructed or heightened by factors beyond personal choices and preferences. This paper will focus on how different organizations, both public and private contribute to poverty. Institutions to be looked at are the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, World Trade Organizations, and multinational corporations. This report will conclude with its findings.
World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Both the World Bank and IMF are agencies which aspire to alleviate global poverty. The mission of World Bank (2006) reads “Our mission is to help developing countries and their people reach the goals by working with our partners to alleviate poverty. To do that we concentrate on building the climate for investment, jobs and sustainable growth, so that economies will grow, and by investing in and empowering poor people to participate in development.” On the other hand, IMF (2006) claims that it “provides low-income countries with policy advice, technical assistance, and financial support” and that “low-income countries receive more than half of the technical assistance provided by the Fund, and financial support is extended at low interest rates and over relatively long time horizons.”
However, critics argue that these two institutions through their various policies cause poverty in many developing nations. These organizations have also been criticized as they promote poor countries’ dependency on richer nations. This section will briefly examine the policies of these agencies which are seen to heighten, instead of alleviate, poverty.
The IMF and World Bank’s primary program in reducing poverty is the extension of financial assistance to impoverished nations. However, this financial aid is coupled with “neoliberal”2 ideology or agenda which is a prerequisite for the fund.

Episcopal and Presbyterian.

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Write a 3 page essay on Episcopal and Presbyterian.Download file to see previous pages… Furthermore, we find women not allowed for teachers, and yet allowed to speak in the church as prophets: now,

Write a 3 page essay on Episcopal and Presbyterian.
Download file to see previous pages…Furthermore, we find women not allowed for teachers, and yet allowed to speak in the church as prophets: now, these being debarred speaking in their natural capacity, because teaching implies an act of authority, that privilege being reserved to the men, shews they had a right to it in the Christian church without prophetical inspiration, otherwise there was nothing at all in this case debarred to the woman. Moreover, the general directions given by the Spirit, in the Epistles to Timothy and Titus, concerning the appointment of bishops and deacons, elders or ministers, running all upon moral qualifications, the common Graces of the Spirit, and good instruction in the Scripture, did, then, as well as for ages succeeding, lay a foundation for the ministry of teaching without the special gift of prophesying.
An appropriate Catholic response would appear to include the following elements, which flow from a fundamental belief in the dignity of each individual human being and the imperative to seek the universal common good in solidarity with the poorest, the weakest, the oppressed and the marginalized:
* a recognition of the reality of sin and evil in the world and the duty of Christians to resist evils such as oppression, social and economic injustices, and genocide.
* actively to seek to address the causes of grievances and conflicts in social, economic, and political inequalities which fail to treat every person and nation with appropriate dignity and respect.
* the establishment of appropriate international institutions for the reconciliation of differences, with legitimacy and the authority to enforce compliance.
* a recognition that an option for non-violence is as important an imperative for Christians as the option for the poor.
* focus more than previously on alternatives to war, the need to promote social justice as an integral element in the following of Jesus, to fund peace education programs, and so forth.
* the promotion of agreed and internationally regulated arms reduction.
* in so far as armed responses to evils such as genocide are necessary, they should conform to the principles of the just war, and particularly proportionality and discrimination.
* the need for this to be undertaken speedily and effectively by reformed international institutions with legitimacy and powers of enforcement.
* the creation of a strong international civil society with a commitment to human dignity and rights.

Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear Power

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Complete 10 page APA formatted essay: Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear Power.Download file to see previous pages… The facts, however, seem to point to a different conclusion. In this 1913 book (published

Complete 10 page APA formatted essay: Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear Power.
Download file to see previous pages…The facts, however, seem to point to a different conclusion. In this 1913 book (published in 1914), the author takes speculation he had read about the chance of releasing energy from atoms, and writes about a future of atomic power and atomic weapons. The atomic weapons of this book make relatively small, but on-going (for centuries!) explosions. Plus, it seems that at the time they knew little about the effects of radiation on living organisms. Scientists of the time were well conscious that the slow natural radioactive decay of elements like radium continues for thousands of years, and that while the rate of energy release is negligible. the total amount released is enormous. Wells used this as the basis for his story. In his fiction, The problem which was already being mooted by such scientific men as Ramsay, Rutherford, and Soddy, in the very start of the twentieth century, the trouble of inducing radio-activity in the heavier elements and so tapping the internal energy of atoms, was solved by a magnificent combination of induction, intuition, and luck by Holsten so soon as the year 1933. The physicist Leo Szilard read the book during 1932, conceived the idea of nuclear chain reaction during 1933, and filed for patents for it during 1934. Wells did have some knowledge of atomic physics, and William Ramsay, Ernest Rutherford, and Frederick Soddy’s discovery of the disintegration of uranium. The physicist Leo Szilard read the book during 1932, conceived the idea of nuclear chain reaction. during 1933, and filed for patents for it during 1934. Wells did have some knowledge of atomic physics, and William Ramsay, Ernest Rutherford, and Frederick Soddy’s discovery of the disintegration of uranium. In Wells’s story, the “atomic bombs” have no more power than ordinary high explosive-but they “continue to explode” for days. Never before in the history of warfare had there been a continuing explosive. indeed, up to the middle of the twentieth century the only explosives known were combustibles whose explosiveness was due entirely to their instantaneousness. and these atomic bombs which science burst upon the world that night were strange even to the men who used them.
Wells offers the subsequent details of how the bombs are believed to work:
“Those used by the Allies were lumps of pure Carolinum painted on the outside with unoxidised cydonator inducive enclosed hermetically in a case of membranium. A little celluloid stud between the handles by which the bomb was lifted was arranged so as to be easily torn off and admit air to the inducive, which at once became active and set up radio-activity in the outer layer of the Carolinum sphere. This liberated fresh inducive, and so in a few minutes the whole bomb was a blazing continual explosion.”(Wells)
“Certainly it seems now that nothing could have been more obvious to the people of the earlier twentieth century than the rapidity with which war was becoming impossible. And as certainly they did not see it. They did not see it until the atomic bombs burst in their fumbling hands… All through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the amount of energy that men were able to command was continually increasing. Applied to warfare that meant that the power to inflict a blow, the power to destroy, was continually increasing. There was no increase whatever in the ability to escape… Destruction was becoming so facile that any little body of malcontents could use it”.(Wells) Before the last war began it was a matter of common knowledge that a man could carry about in a handbag an amount of latent energy sufficient to wreck half a city.
Wells viewed war as the unavoidable outcome of the Modern State.