Which of the following phenomena is a function of the distribution of the rods and cones in the retina? (Points : 2)

Question 1.1. (TCOs 1, 2) Participants in research early in psychology’s history might have been asked to view a chair and describe its color, shape, texture, and other aspects of their conscious experience. These individuals would have been using a method called (Points : 2)

hypnosis

objective introspection.

psychosurgery.

psychoanalysis.

Question 2.2. (TCO 4)  As part of a psychology experiment, Brett decides to measure a person’s “anxiety” by noting the number of blinks a person makes in a 20-minute social interaction with a stranger. Brett appears to have offered a(n) _____ of anxiety. (Points : 2)

variable

operational definition

theory

hypothesis

Question 3.3. (TCOs 2, 3)  Marta was in an automobile accident and suffered an injury to her brain, resulting in the paralysis of her left arm. What part of Marta’s brain was injured?(Points : 2)

Auditory association area

Motor cortex

Association areas

Somatosensory cortex

Question 4.4. (TCOs 2, 3)  A group of axons bundled together coated in myelin that travels together through the body is called a (Points : 2)

synaptic vesicle

nerve

neurilemma

myelinated pathway.

Question 5.5. (TCOs 2, 3)  _____ synapses make it more likely that a neuron will send its message to other neurons, whereas _____ synapses make it less likely that a neuron will send its message. (Points : 2)

Excitatory; inhibitory

Inhibitory; excitatory

Augmentation; depletion

Depletion; augmentation

Question 6.6. (TCO 4)  Which of the following phenomena is a function of the distribution of the rods and cones in the retina? (Points : 2)

The moon looks much larger near the horizon than it looks when it is higher in the sky.
The light from distant stars moving rapidly away from us is shifted toward the red end of the spectrum.

Stars can be seen only with difficulty during the daytime

A dim star viewed at night may disappear when you look directly at it, but reappear when you look to one side of it.

Question 7.7. ( TCO 4)  What are the five primary tastes? (Points : 2)

Hot, sour, spicy, sweet, origami

Salty, sour, spicy, sweet, tart

Bitter, salty, sour, sweet, umami

Peppery, salty, sour, sweet, acidic

Question 8.8. (TCO 4) Dizziness, nausea, and disorientation may result if the information from the eyes conflicts a little too much with that from the vestibular organs, according to the _____ of motion sickness. (Points : 2

sensory conflict theory

motor conflict theory

vestibular conflict theory

semicircular canal conflict theory

Question 9.9. (TCO 5) Judith is startled when her 6-year-old daughter, Laura, sleepwalks into the family room. It is most likely that Laura is experiencing the _____ stage of the sleep cycle. (Points : 2)

REM

first

second

fourth

Question 10.10. (TCO 5) A client tells his therapist about a dream of riding on a train with his boss. At the end of the journey, the boss gets off the train at a terminal. The content of this dream, as related by the client to the therapist, is what Freud called its _____. (Points : 2)

primary content

manifest content

secondary content

latent content

Question 11.11. (TCO 5) A student nurse looks at a patient’s chart and does not understand the meaning of serious sleep apnea, so she asks the head nurse for assistance. How might the head nurse describe this condition? (Points : 2)

The patient is mentally ill and tends to try to suffocate himself at times.

The patient cannot sleep unless he uses several pillows to deaden sounds that might awaken him.

The patient appears to awaken throughout the night and start walking, but he will not respond to commands.
The patient has a potentially life-threatening condition in which air does not flow into or out of his nose or mouth for periods of time while he is asleep.

Question 12.12. (TCOs 7, 8)  A child learns that whenever he eats all of his dinner, he gets a cookie for dessert. This type of learning is BEST explained by (Points : 2)

classical conditioning.

operant conditioning.

biofeedback theory.

social learning theory.

Question 13.13. (TCOs 7, 8)  Bill hates to clean up after dinner. One night, he volunteers to bathe the dog before cleaning up. When he finishes with the dog and returns to the kitchen, his wife has cleaned everything up for him. Which of the following statements is most likely true? (Points : 2)

Bill will start cleaning up the kitchen before he bathes the dog.

Bill’s wife has positively reinforced him for bathing the dog.
Bill’s wife has negatively reinforced him for bathing the dog.

Bill will never bathe the dog again.

Question 1.1. (TCOs 7, 8)  Dad is watching a home improvement show about how to install a new sink. He really wants to do it and watches the show intently. He knows that his wife will reward him when he is done. However, when he tests the new sink, water spurts everywhere. Taking the new sink apart, he finds that he has left out the crucial washers in the faucet assembly even though this was emphasized in the TV show. What part of Bandura’s theory of the necessary components of observational learning is most likely the reason for this disaster? (Points : 2)

Attention
Memory

Imitation

Motivation

Question 2.2. (TCO 7) Suzy looks up from her lunch, realizing that Jacques has just said something to her. What was it? Oh, yes, he has just asked her if she wants to go to the movies. Suzy’s ability to retrieve what Jacques said is due to her (Points : 2)

iconic sensory memory.

echoic sensory memory.

short-term memory.

tactile sensory memory.

Question 3.3. (TCO 7) Rochelle remembered getting “B’s” in her English literature classes in college. But years later, when she applied for a job and took out her transcript, she was shocked to find that she had actually gotten “C–” grades. She then started telling everyone she remembers being a pretty poor student. Her erratic memory of her mediocre performance is most likely due to (Points : 2)

her poor memory.

hindsight bias.

consolidation.

eidetic imagery.

Question 4.4. (TCO 7) Moishe can remember only the first two items and the last two items on the grocery list that his wife just read to him over the phone. The other five items in between are gone. This is an example of the (Points : 2)

encoding specificity effect.

serial position effect.

TOT effect.

reintegrative effect.

Question 5.5. (TCO 8)  Sally is enrolled in a high school geometry course, which she describes as “drawing figures and figuring drawings.” In a typical class, students draw geometric figures and use a formula to calculate an aspect of the figure, such as its area. Each time Sally uses a formula, she is making use of what psychologists call (Points : 2)

heuristics.

logarithms.

algorithms.

convergence.

Question 6.6. (TCO 8)  Which of the following statements about gifted people is true? (Points 🙂

They are more likely to suffer from mental illnesses.

They are physically weaker than nongifted persons.

They are often skilled leaders.

They are socially unskilled.

Question 7.7. (TCO 9) Sam is known to be the fastest worker in the mail room. He has worked in the mail room for only a short time, but prides himself on being competent and a quick learner. He often gets positive comments from coworkers and his boss, which helps to motivate him and has a positive effect as he continues to challenge himself at work. As a result of his efficient style, he is also given more freedom than other workers, because his boss is impressed by his ability to sort and organize mail. Sam is likely to be _____ motivated as he continues to challenge and push himself to perform even better each day. (Points : 2)

intrinsically

extrinsically

superiorly

withinsically

Question 8.8. (TCO 9)  Jack said, “I want to rule the world.” What type of need is this? (Points : 2)

Need for achievement

Need for affiliation

Need for power

Need for sex

Question 9.9. (TCO 9)  Although Kim just ate a huge meal and feels “stuffed,” the idea of a chocolate sundae is too good to pass up. Which motivational term explains the appeal of the sundae? (Points : 2)

Incentive

Instinctive

Drive reduction

Cognitive dissonance

Question 10.10. (TCO 11)  Carolyn took home some printer paper from the office. Later, she felt guilty for stealing it, so she brought some paper to work to replace what she took. Freud would suggest that Carolyn’s _____ was influencing her motives and behavior. (Points : 2)

id

unconscious mind

ego

superego