What Are The Project’s Expected NPV And Standard Deviation Of NPV?

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Problem 6 Problem 5 Problem 4 Problem 3 Problem 2 Problem 1 UNDERSTANDING HEALTHCARE FINANCIAL MANAGEMEN

Problem 1

UNDERSTANDING HEALTHCARE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 2/6/14
Chapter 11 — The Basics of Capital Budgeting
PROBLEM 1
Winston Clinic is evaluating a project that costs $52,125 and has expected net cash flows of $12,000 per
year for eight years. The first inflow occurs one year after the cost outflow, and the project has a cost of
capital of 12 percent.
a. What is the project’s payback?
b. What is the project’s NPV? Its IRR?
c. Is the project financially acceptable? Explain your answer.
ANSWER

Problem 2

UNDERSTANDING HEALTHCARE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Chapter 11 — The Basics of Capital Budgeting
PROBLEM 2
Better Health, Inc. is evaluating two investment projects, each of which requires an up-front expenditure
of $1.5 million. The projects are expected to produce the following net cash inflows:
Year Project A Project B
0 -$1,500,000 -$1,500,000
1 $500,000 $2,000,000
2 $1,000,000 $1,000,000
3 $2,000,000 $600,000
a. What is each project’s IRR?
b. What is each project’s NPV if the cost of capital is 10 percent? 5 percent? 15 percent?
ANSWER

Problem 3

UNDERSTANDING HEALTHCARE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Chapter 11 — The Basics of Capital Budgeting
PROBLEM 3
Capitol Health Plans, Inc. is evaluating two different methods for providing home health services to its
members. Both methods involve contracting out for services, and the health outcomes and revenues are
not affected by the method chosen. Therefore, the incremental cash flows for the decision are all outflows.
Here are the projected flows:
Year Method A Method B
0 -$300,000 -$120,000
1 -$66,000 -$96,000
2 -$66,000 -$96,000
3 -$66,000 -$96,000
4 -$66,000 -$96,000
5 -$66,000 -$96,000
a. What is each alternative’s IRR?
b. If the cost of capital for both methods is 9 percent, which method should be chosen? Why?
ANSWER

Problem 4

UNDERSTANDING HEALTHCARE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Chapter 11 — The Basics of Capital Budgeting
PROBLEM 4
Great Lakes Clinic has been asked to provide exclusive healthcare services for next year’s World
Exposition. Although flattered by the request, the clinic’s managers want to conduct a financial analysis
of the project. There will be an up-front cost of $160,000 to get the clinic in operation. Then, a net cash
inflow of $1 million is expected from operations in each of the two years of the exposition. However, the
clinic has to pay the organizers of the exposition a fee for the marketing value of the opportunity. This
fee, which must be paid at the end of the second year, is $2 million.
a. What are the cash flows associated with the project?
b. What is the project’s IRR?
c. Assuming a project cost of capital of 10 percent, what is the project’s NPV?
ANSWER

Problem 5

UNDERSTANDING HEALTHCARE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Chapter 11 — The Basics of Capital Budgeting
PROBLEM 5
Assume that you are the CFO at Porter Memorial Hospital. The CEO has asked you to
analyze two proposed capital investments–Project X and Project Y. Each project requires a net
investment outlay of $10,000, and the cost of capital for each project is 12 percent. The project’s expected
net cash flows are as follows:
Year Project X Project Y
0 -$10,000 -$10,000
1 $6,500 $3,000
2 $3,000 $3,000
3 $3,000 $3,000
4 $1,000 $3,000
a. Calculate each project’s payback period, net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR).
b. Which project (or projects) is financially acceptable? Explain your answer.
ANSWER

Problem 6

UNDERSTANDING HEALTHCARE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Chapter 11 — The Basics of Capital Budgeting
PROBLEM 6
The director of capital budgeting for Big Sky Health Systems, Inc. has estimated the following cash flows
in thousands of dollars for a proposed new service:
Expected Net
Year Cash Flow
0 -100
1 70
2 50
3 20
The project’s cost of capital is 10 percent.
a. What is the project’s payback period?
b. What is the project’s NPV?
c. What is the project’s IRR?
ANSWER

Problem 7

UNDERSTANDING HEALTHCARE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Chapter 11 — The Basics of Capital Budgeting
PROBLEM 7
California Health Center, a for-profit hospital, is evaluating the purchase of new diagnostic equipment.
The equipment, which costs $600,000, has an expected life of five years and an estimated pre-tax salvage
value of $200,000 at that time. The equipment is expected to be used 15 times a day for 250 days a year
for each year of the project’s life. On average, each procedure is expected to generate $80 in collections,
which is net of bad debt losses and contractual allowances, in its first year of use. Thus, net revenues for
Year 1 are estimated at 15 X 250 X $80 = $300,000.
Labor and maintenance costs are expected to be $100,000 during the first year of operation, while utilities
will cost another $10,000 and cash overhead will increase by $5,000 in Year 1. The cost for expendable
supplies is expected to average $5 per procedure during the first year. All costs and revenues, except
depreciation, are expected to increase at a 5 percent inflation rate after the first year.
The equipment falls into the MACRS five-year class for tax depreciation and hence is subject to the
following depreciation allowances:
Year Allowance
1 0.2
2 0.32
3 0.19
4 0.12
5 0.11
6 0.06
The hospital’s tax rate is 40 percent, and its corporate cost of capital is 10 percent.
a. Estimate the project’s net cash flows over its five-year estimated life.
b. What are the project’s NPV and IRR? (Assume that the project has average risk.)
(Hint: Use the following format as a guide.)
Year
0 1 2 3 4 5
Equipment cost
Net revenues
Less: Labor/maintenance costs
Utilities costs
Supplies
Incremental overhead
Depreciation
Operating income
Taxes
Net operating income
Plus: Depreciation
Plus: After-tax equipment salvage value*
Net cash flow
*
Pre-tax equipment salvage value
MACRS equipment salvage value
Difference
Taxes
After-tax equipment salvage value

Problem 8

UNDERSTANDING HEALTHCARE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Chapter 11 — The Basics of Capital Budgeting
PROBLEM 8
You have been asked by the president and CEO of Kidd Pharmaceuticals to evaluate the proposed
acquisition of a new labeling machine for one of the firm’s production lines. The machine’s price is
$50,000, and it would cost another $10,000 for transportation and installation. The machine falls into the
MACRS three-year class, and hence the tax depreciation allowances are 0.33, 0.45, and 0.15 in Years 1,
2, and 3, respectively. The machine would be sold after three years because the production line is being
closed at that time. The best estimate of the machine’s salvage value after three years of use is $20,000.
The machine would have no effect on the firm’s sales or revenues, but it is expected to save Kidd $20,000
per year in before-tax operating costs. The firm’s tax rate is 40 percent and its corporate cost of capital is
10 percent.
a. What is the project’s net investment outlay at Year 0?
b. What are the project’s operating cash flows in Years 1, 2, and 3?
c. What are the terminal cash flows at the end of Year 3?
d. If the project has average risk, is it expected to be profitable?
ANSWER

Problem 9

UNDERSTANDING HEALTHCARE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Chapter 11 — The Basics of Capital Budgeting
PROBLEM 9
The staff of Jefferson Memorial Hospital has estimated the following net cash flows for a satellite food
services operation that it may open in its outpatient clinic:
Expected Net
Year Cash Flow
0 -$100,000
1 $30,000
2 $30,000
3 $30,000
4 $30,000
5 $30,000
5 Salvage value $20,000
The Year 0 cash flow is the investment cost of the new food service, while the final amount is the
terminal cash flow. (The clinic is expected to move to a new building in five years.) All other flows
represent net operating cash flows. Jefferson’s corporate cost of capital is 10 percent.
a. What is the project’s IRR?
b. Assuming the project has average risk, what is its NPV?
c. Now, assume that the operating cash flows in Years 1 through 5 can be as low as $20,000 or as high as
$40,000. Furthermore, the salvage value cash flow at the end of Year 5 can be as low as $0 or as
high as $30,000. What is the worst case and best case IRR? The worst case and best case NPV?
ANSWER

T Probability NPV a. What are the project’s expected NPV and standard deviation of NPV? b. Should the base case analysis use the most likely NPV or expected NPV? Explain your answer. ANSWER PROBLEM 1 PROBLEM 2 PROBLEM 3 PROBLEM 4 PROBLEM 5 PROBLEM 6 Year Prob=0.2 Prob=0.6 cash flows are the expected cash flows in each year.) b. What are the project’s most likely, worst, and best case NPVs? c. Document Preview: Problem 6 Problem 5 Problem 4 Problem 3 Problem 2 Problem 1 UNDERSTANDING HEALTHCARE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Probability NPV a. What are the project’s expected NPV and standard deviation of NPV? b. Should the base case analysis use the most likely NPV or expected NPV? Explain your answer. ANSWER PROBLEM 1 PROBLEM 2 PROBLEM 3 PROBLEM 4 PROBLEM 5 PROBLEM 6 Year Prob=0.2 Prob=0.6 cash flows are the expected cash flows in each year.) b. What are the project’s most likely, worst, and best case NPVs? c. What is the project’s expected NPV on the basis of the scenario analysis? d. What is the project’s standard deviation of NPV? company’s policy is to adjust the corporate cost of capital up or down by 3 percentage points to account a. Perform a sensitivity analysis to see how NPV is affected by changes in the number of procedures per variables were number of procedures per day, average collection amount, and the equipment’s salvage Scenario Number of Procedures Average Collection Equipment Salvage Value Worst Most likely Best c. Finally, assume that California Health Center’s average project has a coefficient of variation of NPV in by the expected NPV.) The hospital adjusts for risk by adding or subtracting 3 percentage points to its hospital’s managers? The managers of United Medtronics are evaluating the following four projects for the coming budget Project Cost IRR A B C D a. What is the firm’s optimal capital budget? b. Now, suppose Medtronic’s managers want to consider differential risk in the capital budgeting process. Project A has average risk, B has below-average risk, C has above-average risk, and D has average managers lower the IRR of high-risk projects by 3 percentage points and raise the IRR of low-risk projects by the same amount.) Allied Managed Care Company is evaluating two different computer systems for handling provider claims. There are no incremental revenues attached…

 
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