Write a 7 pages paper on who was john collier, and what role did he play in creating a new deal for native people. John Collier became commissioner of Indian affairs in 1933 as appointed by President Roosevelt. Under Collier’s governance, federal policies had sweeping and permanent changes in favor of the Indians. One of these federal policies was the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, which was also known as the “Indian New Deal” or the “Wheeler-Howard Act”1. The Indian Reorganization Act under Collier made lasting changes in the federal policy concerning Native Americans. One of these changes is ending the allotment of the tribal land to non-Native Americans. Two other changes include the act encouraging tribes to establish their own self-government and building a loan in order to finance tribe members who are putting up a business2. Prior to and aside from becoming a commissioner of Indian affairs, John Collier was also the executive secretary for the American Indian Defense Association, or AIDA, an organization which he himself founded in 1923, in order to fight for the protection of tribal property and religious freedom of Native Americans. Through the institution of AIDA, Collier was able to recommend doing away with the teaching to Indians of only the cultural values of whites. At the same time, it recommended that that Indian Service must provide the youth and their parents the necessary tools that will help them adapt not only to whites but also to Indians3. John Collier also asked Congress for the repeal of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887. This particular law pressured American Indian tribes to abolish their own community lands and to have individually owned lands instead. The purpose of this was to promote Indian assimilation into the society of American whites. The Bureau of Indian Affairs, which Collier headed in 1933 provided for the successful passing of the Indian Reorganization Act in Congress4. John Collier’s idea of a “New Deal” for American Indians during his time definitely was all about the betterment of this particular group of people. He became commissioner of Indian Affairs in 1933 and so helped reform law in favor of the Indians through the Indian Reorganization Act. He was also the founder and executive secretary of the American Indian Defense Association, which issued recommendations on how Indians should be treated and educated. Lastly, he asked Congress to repeal the Dawes Act of 1887 in order to protect the tribal lands of the Indians. Explain French patterns of contact with Native Americans: How did their goals and type of colonization affect the success or failure of relations with Native groups? The French colonizers’ diplomacy and immersion into Native American culture guaranteed the success of their colonization. The French arrived in North America in the 1600s5, and established their colony there. However, unlike the British, who did not respect the natives, the French afforded them with the best treatment as possible. The success of the colonial techniques of the French that helped them establish New France in Canada was mainly due to their immersion in American Indian culture. The French were very interested in the culture and customs of Native Americans.

You will prepare and submit a term paper on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and how it affects a military personnel. Your paper should be a minimum of 12500 words in length. When a person experiences a very stressful event, and he/she also experiences extreme fear and helplessness associated with this event, the individual is at risk for the development of PTSD. PTSD can be diagnosed for someone if he/she experience flashbacks to the traumatic event(s), memory and emotional problems, avoidance of situations and objects that could trigger the memory of the trauma, and other related physiological and psychological symptoms for a minimum of one month. PTSD does not develop overnight, but presents itself through a series of stages. An individual has a traumatic experience(s), and then passes through a number of stages including emotional responses, confusion, reduced memory, distress, inability to cope with various stimuli, helplessness, and others until he/she starts to experience anger and frustration that makes the experience of PTSD visible to others. At this point the individual starts to find it difficult to cope with situations that he/she could cope with before, and this leads to depressive symptoms. Most people who present with symptoms of PTSD experience spontaneous remission, but those who do not require professional help. Chronic PTSD is associated with changes in brain functioning that hinder normal functioning of the memory and emotion pathways. Thus, people with chronic PTSD have difficulty maintaining and forming social and personal relationships. They also pose a risk for violent behaviour in personal relationships as they find it difficult to control all the negative emotions they experience. These individuals also find it difficult to complete thoughts, interact with people, and deal with social situations because they experience symptoms of depression and anxiety. A number of different consequences of PTSD are documented through research. This evidence suggests that it is important to treat the condition as soon as possible. Military personnel are among the most vulnerable with respect to PTSD, with some studies showing that they are 3 – 4 times more likely to experience at least some symptoms and to be diagnosed with PTSD as compared to other groups in the population. The military serves an important function, and thus it is necessary to understand the needs of military personnel and provide solutions to them. The events that occur in active combat can significantly affect an individual, and thus are associated with the development of PTSD. But a soldier is likely to face ridicule if he/she asks for help from mental health professionals. Thus, there is a need to develop awareness and sensitivity about PTSD and its implications for persons in service as well as with respect to the rest of their lives. Treatment of PTSD includes psychotherapy, medication and lifestyle changes. There is a growing field of evidence for the success of various treatment modalities for PTSD, and new research findings are demonstrating the efficacy of techniques that may also be used with active personnel. There are also preventive methods that increase resilience in the soldiers. and these methods can be used to ensure that fewer individuals develop symptoms of PTSD in the course of their service to their nation.