Counseling Theory

Topics to be addressed include:

Theory Application and Implications

          Theorists who have influenced personal theoretical orientation

          Views of human nature

          Describing the Tenets

Nature, beliefs, and role of the counselor

          Counseling Nature of the counseling relationship and process

          Beliefs about the process of change and facilitating change

          Role of the counselor and role of the client

Counseling goals, procedures, techniques of counseling

          Goals/purposes of counseling and indications of successful counseling

          Procedures and techniques of counseling processes

Culture and Spirituality

          Responses/sensitivity to diverse cultural and gender issues presented by clients

          Implementation of faith and spirituality

economic

Take-home Exam
ECON 2103A (Due date: April 24, at 11:35 am)
It has to be done individually, and you must submit your exam via Culearn.
Assume the Canadian economy is at the equilibrium with output ?? and price ?? and then the COVID-19
shock hits the economy. Study the possible impacts of this shock on the following cases of the economy:
Demand Side (AD): (1.5 points)
a) What is the effect of COVID-19 shock on the IS curve (Note: start with the impacts on the Keynesian
cross and then explain the impact of the shock on the IS curve.) Support your analysis with
corresponding graphs.
b) Assuming the price is still ??, what will be the impact of the shock on the AD curve? Briefly explain
your answer using a corresponding graph.
c) How can the government alleviate the negative effects of the shock on the AD curve? Briefly explain
your answer by using just one example.
Supply Side (SRAS): (2 points)
d) What is the impact of the shock on the SRAS curve? Draw the graph. Support your answer using a real
example.
e) What kind of policy can the government implement to alleviate the negative impact of the shock on
SRAS?
f) What are some side-effects of these policies (parts c and e ) on the economy? Briefly explain.
g) What will be the new equilibrium of the economy if the government does not intervene? Draw AD
and SRAS curves for before and after the shock in one graph.
Money: (1.5 points)
h) According to the portfolio theories of money, what are the factors that affect the demand for money?
How they affect the demand for money? Briefly explain.
m) Considering the portfolio theories and given Figure 1 that shows the stock price in Canada. Do you
think that the demand for money will decrease or increase? Why?
n) Following the COVID-19 shock, the Bank of Canada announced that they want to purchase the
governments bonds in the secondary market. Given the function of the supply of money (M= cr + 1
cr + rr
B)
and considering your answer for part h, do you think that the supply of money will increase/decrease/or
uncertain? How? Explain your answer briefly.
Investment: (1.5 points)
p) Define Tobin’s q and explain how it will determine the investment in an economy?
q) Considering the definition of Tobins q and given Figure 1, what will be the impact of COVID 19 shock
on the investment. Briefly explain.
Figure 1. Stock Price
r) Following the COVID 19 shock, the Bank of Canada declined the overnight interest rate to almost zero
( 0.25%). What will be the impact of this policy on the business fixed investment (Briefly explain it using
the classical investment theory that we discussed in the class). Draw the graph.
s) Lots of firms laid off their employees temporarily; however, assume that the government of Canada
will pay more than half of the salary of those employees if the firms call them back for work. What is the
impact of the governments policy on the investment? Briefly discuss it using the classical investment
theory that we discussed in the class. Draw the related graph as well.
Inflation and Philips Curve: ( 1 point)
t) Following the COVID-19 shock, lots of people lost their job. What are the impact of that on inflation in
the short-run and in the long-run? Draw the related graphs.
u) What will be the effect of expected inflation following the shock? What will be the impact of this
expected inflation on the realized inflation in the economy? Explain briefly.
Consumption (1.5 points)
v) Following the shock, the value of your primary house that you are living there decreased and also you
laid off for one month. What will be the impact of these changes on your consumption according to
v1) Keynes? Explain it briefly.
v2) Modigliani? Explain it briefly.
v3) Friedman? Explain it briefly.
Short Essay (6 points)
Using 250 words, explain the money helicopter (around 50 words) and then discuss the impacts of this
policy (about 200 words) on the economy following the COVID-19 shock. You can discuss both the
pros (about 100 words) and the cons (about 100 words) of this policy.
(The references or any graphs will NOT count as part of the 250 words. Your essay cannot be less than
225 or more than 275 words)
Please note that every single sentence of the essay must be your own work and plagiarism is a very
serious offence at Carleton. Your essay may be checked with some online tools for Plagiarism.
You can submit your essay either in Word or PDF.
3 points for the analysis and 3 points for the quality of writing.
Some suggested resources for the short essay:
https://voxeu.org/article/helicopter-money-today-s-best-policy-option
https://voxeu.org/article/helicopter-money-time-now
https://www.ft.com/content/abd6bbd0-6a9f-11ea-800d-da70cff6e4d3
https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/oureconomy/helicopter-money-answer-looming-economic-crisis/
https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/covid-19-economy-helicopter-money-friedman-1.5507417

Any topic (writer’s choice)

Focus on building interest and depth in a main character or else in plot, so that the story will be either character or plot driven (like the sample stories you read).  Be sure to have one main conflict (internal or external). 

The story should feel full or complete, that is, that it has a beginning (even if it begins in medias res — in the middle of something — such as war, or a discussion, or at a train station), a middle, and an end.  You should consider a climax as well.  What is the point of greatest tension?  This should come organically as you write. 
Keep in mind that very few writers outline their entire story before they write.  Many don’t know where they’re going with a story until they are writing it.  It’s like driving in the dark with your headlights on; you follow your headlights, and so you follow your characters — that is what Stephen King has to say about writing.  Also, if you’re not discovering something new then you may not be creating interesting characters for your readers — Andre Dubus III. 

Keep in mind that you should title your story – centered, and be sure to include the opening line under where you put the course info., to the left corner.  Do not use first or second person (I/me/my/you/your) but use third person and a character or characters’ names, as doing so provides greater opportunity for depth in an objective narrator.  Be sure that what you include in your story is essential to moving along the plot or bringing to light the conflict/tension. 

When writing please make sure the story will be able to answer the following questions

1.    Can you summarize the story in one or two sentences. If not, why not? With a good story there should be no struggle.
2.    Is there a clear beginning, middle and end? Does the story start in the right place, both for the time line and for delivery of story content in the most effective way? Does the story end so that the conflict essential to every story is resolved satisfactorily. Is the middle focused and well paced?
3.    List characters. Identify protagonist and antagonist (antagonist does not have to be another character and may be environment, conscience, fate, etc.). Identify major conflicts and resultant actions. Are they reasonable and interesting?
4.    Are, at least the major, characters easily visualized and are their actions based on a strong core desire (essential for meaning)?
5.    What is the ratio of in-scene, dramatic development, and narrative telling, and are these elements in proper balance?
6.    Is there dramathat is conflict, action, and resolutionor is the story static?

Psychology

Just read this:
(you may do more than 1, but you must do at least 1):
For one day turn off your smart phone for 12 hours. For some of you this may not be possible. You may put on an auto-reply so people know that you are alive.
The day after your recitation, when you sit down to do work turn off your phone and put it out of sight for 15 minutes. The next day, do the same for 30 minutes. The following day, once more for 45 minutes, and the day after that, do so for 1 hour. Continue turning off your phone for 1 hour a day while you accomplish your work.
If limiting your phone use at night is difficult, for three nights try turning off your phone at night 1 hour before you normally go to bed.

WRITING:

Write about some things you have observed about your electronic habits as a result of the exercise. How did it affect your ability to accomplish work, be with others, or get to sleep? How did it affect your mindfulness/mindlessness? What will you change as a result, what are some barriers to creating change, and how will you overcome those obstacles?

At the end please wright 4 reading questions on the 4 readings attached (2/3lines per question)
2 are linked – 2 are attached

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00603/full

https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/06/how-meditation-works/277275/