.Look at the six month and yearlong graphs and explain the trends you see. Why does CO2 drop when the northern hemisphere enters summer? Why does it increase when we’re in winter? Use outside resources if you need help answering this question.

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The Keeling CurveExplore the Scripps website for the Keeling Curve: https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/ Specifically, click through the different temporal windows along the bottom of the graph. Answer the following questions related to the atmospheric carbon dioxide trends through time (e.g. one week, six months, one year, etc.):

1.Look at the six month and yearlong graphs and explain the trends you see. Why does CO2 drop when the northern hemisphere enters summer? Why does it increase when we’re in winter? Use outside resources if you need help answering this question.

2.If record keeping began in 1958, how do we have a graph for 1700-present? What data do scientists use to create these graphs?

Precipitation Regimes via NCEI Data

In this lab, you will be graphing precipitation data for three locations across Washington state to investigate how average monthly precipitation patterns change across space. **Note: you will need access to data management and graphing software (e.g. Excel).

We will be using data collected and housed via the National Center for Environmental Information (NCEI) and the Office of the Washington State Climatologist. Use the following link to search for and record your average monthly precipitation data by city:

https://atmos.washington.edu/marka/normals/wa.normals.2010.v3.html

Note: if the map does not load correctly for you, use this link and search manually for the cities you would like: http://ggweather.com/normals/WA.html

Please collect average monthly precipitation data from three cities of your choosing across Washington state. To ensure no outside variables are biasing your data, your city selections must follow the following rules:

a.Choose cities at approximately the same elevation above sea level.

b.Choose one city to the west of the Cascades, one in the central area of the state but to the east of the Cascades, and one on the eastern side of the state.

c.Choose cities with a complete dataset – do not use a city with missing data. Good options are Seattle, Ellensburg, and Spokane, but you are free to choose.

d.Finally, the goal of this exercise is two-fold: a) to show how topography is impacts climate, and b) evaluate spatial variability in moisture and water resources.

Please answer the following questions to complete Lab #1. 1.Produce three graphs depicting the precipitation data you pulled from online. The graphs should be precipitation in inches for each month and should be represented by either bars or a connecting line for each month. Make sure your graphs have titles and that the scales of the axes are the same across all three graphs.

2.The topography of Washington state creates latitudinal variation in moisture, with the west side of the state being much wetter than the east side. Postulate why this variability matters in terms of water resources in a changing climate – how might differences in water availability among disparate geographic locations impact water security and policy?For example, would it be appropriate or effective for Spokane to have the same water management plan as Seattle? Why or why not?

3.How does Geography influence our perspectives of and connections to climate change? For example, does someone in Spokane view sea level rise and coastal flooding as someone in Seattle? Why or why not? Why does this matter?

follow the instructions due after 14 hours

EFFICIENT CAPITAL MARKETS AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE

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EFFICIENT CAPITAL MARKETS AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE

The CFO of Baldwin Corporation, Gregg Williams is meeting with the company’s board of directors to discuss the possible effect of the company’s capital budgeting project on the stock price. Gregg believes that when the NPV of $159,624 is released in conjunction with existing information on the company, the stock price will increase by $0.15 given that the company has 1,000,000 shares outstanding. Gregg believes that all investors are rational and will make investment decisions after analyzing all available information. Gregg’s belief is consistent with thetheory of efficient capital markets, which he studied at the graduate school.

The theory of efficient capital markets holds that stock prices reflect all available information. Gregg gave the implications of the theory as follows:

  • Because information is reflected in prices immediately, investors should expectto obtain a normal rate of return. Information reflects so quickly in stock prices that no investor can gain competitive advantage over other investors.
  • Prices of stocks will only change if new information becomes available.
  • There are many market participants such that no one participant controls the market
  • Firms should expect to receive fair value for securities that they sell. Fair means that the price they receive from selling securities is the present value of cashflows that the asset is expected to generate. Thus, valuable financing opportunities that arise from fooling investors does not exist in efficient markets.

A board member, Jon Milosvoski has drawn Gregg’s attention to three forms of market efficiency namely weak form efficiency,semi-strong efficiency, andstrong form efficiency.Mr. Milosvoski explains that under each form, different types of information are assumed to reflect in stock prices.

Another board member, David Jefferson, says that new research studies are emerging inbehavioral financethat question the rationality of investors. Mr. Jefferson explains that investors do not act rationally all the time in the investment decision making process so the market cannot be efficient. The results of the studies indicate that investors are prone to heuristics-driven biases such asoverconfidence,decision regret,familiarity,conservatism,representativenessandhouse-money effect.

The meeting was postponed to next week when the board will meet to finish the discussion on the efficient markets and considercapital structureof Baldwin Inc.

The board chairman wants you to address the following questions before the next meeting.

1. Whatdifferent types of informationare assumed to reflect in the company’s stock price? Explain the different types of information under each form of market efficiency.

2. An individual investor, Ms. Jones wants to invest in Baldwin Inc. She has gathered data on the company from the current issue of the company’s annual financial report, newspapers and press release of the capital investment project. Assuming the market issemi-strong efficient, can Ms. Jones earn above-average returns using this material public information?

3. Ms. Jones is consulting with her financial advisor, Robert Carl. Robert believes that stock prices move in trends. He also believes that new information does not quickly get to all investors and that it takes time to analyze and act on the new information. He tells Ms. Jones that if investors take time to analyze the information and react, and possibly overreact to it, prices may always deviate from fair market values. Does Robert Carl believe inmarket efficiency? Explain why.

4. Determine whether the following statements by Gregg arecorrectorincorrectabout efficient market hypothesis:

a. it implies perfect forecasting ability (correct or incorrect)

b. it implies that prices reflect all available information (correct or incorrect)

c. it implies an irrational market (correct or incorrect)

d. it implies prices do not change (correct or incorrect)

e. it results from keen competition among investors (correct or incorrect)

f. investors can reap abnormal profit consistently (correct or incorrect)

5. Explain how behavioral biases ofoverconfidence,regret, representativeness,and familiaritycan affect investment behavior of investors of Baldwin Inc.

6. Given the board meeting next week oncapital structureof the company, what are some of the agenda to be discussed at the meeting?

7. Baldwin Inc. wants to determine theoptimal capital structurethat will maximize the value of the company. Various capital structures have been analyzed as follows:\

See attachment for data

What optimal capital structure do you recommend for Baldwin Inc. and why?

Consider the scenarios involving the unwilling moral agents of Jim and George in Bernard William’s “Utilitarianism & Integrity”. Describe the events that occur in each scenario

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Paper Topics (Choose one) Consider the scenarios involving the unwilling moral agents of Jim and George in Bernard William’s “Utilitarianism & Integrity”. Describe the events that occur in each scenario (Be detailed your descriptions.) Explain how these events relate to the Brain in a Vat scenario in Robert Nozick’s “The Experience Machine”. Additionally explain how the thought experiments in each article exemplify objections regarding consequentialist judgments. Finally, using the selection from Mill’s Utilitarianism to demonstrate how these objections might be unwarranted. Provide a detailed scenario that demonstrates your formulation of the unwarranted objections. Describe Kant’s line of reasoning in which he arrives at the Categorical Imperative. (Simply stating the Categorical Imperative is not enough to satisfy this question. Describe Kant’s reasoning to the best of your ability. Citing outside sources may be necessary to do this.) What does this imply that all agents must have access to? Is this a reasonable constraint on moral agency and moral decision making? Additionally, consider the Case of the Inquiring Murder once more. Provide a scenario in which it would be in accordance with laws of your country to tell the Inquiring Murder which way the victim went. Describe how this might be in accordance with the Categorical Imperative. Consider Thomas Nagel’s article, “Moral Luck”. State the Control Principle. State the conditions for moral luck and how moral luck results from the Control Principle. Describe Nagel’s four kinds of moral luck. Give examples for how each of these would violate the Control Principle. When viewing Nagel’s position as a response to Kantian ethics, what is the most fundamental way in which we should evaluate moral judgments? Moreover, how does moral luck affect consequentialist judgments? Provide scenarios for instances in which moral luck might complicate both Kantian and consequentialist judgments (Make sure your scenarios include resolutions.)

Discussion Justification Essay

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Writing from scratch:

I will keep sharing further information moving forward.

Assessment is in three parts (Total: 3050 words)

Part One: Discussion Forum (600 words):-

Discussion # 1 (200 words): (Request date: 25/04/2020)

Good leadership can make a difference to a centre. Which aspect sharing vision, leadership style, team-building, mentoring etc –  do you consider to be the most important and why?

Discussion # 2 (200 words): (Request date: 02/05/2020)

Reflect on your readings and your experiences, and consider which values and beliefs are the most important to you as a leader in early childhood education. Discuss why those values are important to you and how they might be integrated into the smooth running of an early childhood centre setting by a leader or a manager.

Justification (200 words):

Justify how this post added value to the discussion (no more than 200 words). The course lecturer will consider the quality of the submission in determining the final grade. (Justification (200 words) can be either on Discussion # 1 OR Discussion # 2 – choice is yours). Detailed information can be found in uploaded document: Instructions-adding_value_to_your_discussion_forum.docx

Part Two: Essay One (1700 words) Learning Outcomes: LO1, LO3

Identify and describe in detail a leadership situation that you observed in your early childhood centre (real or hypothetical). (200 words)

Critically analyse the situation by drawing on three concepts from the Course Guide. Justify your decisions about the leaders actions by linking your discussion to the course literature. (1500 words)

 
These are the concepts from the Course Guide to apply. Choose any three from below:

Section One: You as a Leader
1.4 Distributed Leadership -(and other styles of leadership further down)

Section Two: Leading and Managing Teams
2.1 Building Teams
2.2 Supervision, Coaching and Mentoring
2.3 Staff Development and Appraisal
2.4 Conflict Resolution

Section Three: Leading Towards Change
3.1 Values-Based Leadership
3.2 Pedagogical Leadership
3.3 Developing A Shared Vision
3.4 Management Structures in the Early Childhood Sector
3.5 Planning and Associated Strategies
3.6 Implementing, Monitoring and Reviewing

This analysis depends greatly on the leadership situation that you describe. You need to relate a situation where the leader (or leaders if that works better) works with other adults – teachers – and gets things done, or resolves an issue or makes things better by using the concepts that you want to apply to it. The situation should be written as a detailed, factual account (like giving evidence in court) as in: this happened, then this happened, then the result of that was that this happened. Thereby concentrating on the actions of the leader/s in it so that you can refer back to it in your analysis. If you don’t have enough detail of interpersonal adult relationships, then you have to dig too hard to apply what you want and make it relevant. Just check that you can easily see three things there that relate to leading other adults.

The leaders don’t have to have formal roles, anyone can lead in a situation, and if you are somehow involved, then refer to yourself as “the student teacher” so that you distance yourself a little from the critique. You should be writing in the third person here.
Your critical analysis must link to the leadership literature covered in the course, and to three concepts. There are a number of different aspects in the course that you can use to critically analyse your leadership situation most are listed in the menu of the COURSE GUIDE but you may find others. You will find course guide in uploaded documents: Instructions-Course Guide.docx.
 

Part Three: Essay Two (750 words) Learning Outcome: LO2

Articulate and defend your values and beliefs on leadership in the early childhood sector and your own practice as a leader, in line with your philosophy of teaching. Draw on theories and practices in the course materials to justify the elements you are defending in your philosophy of leadership.

For the second essay, we want to know what you believe about leading adults, your values and beliefs of leadership in ECE. Don’t include your teaching philosophy – just the parts that relate to leading adults, if they do. What do you think works leading adults, why, and who in the literature agrees with you (theories and practices). You can use “I believe” but your decisions must be supported by the course literature to justify you including that element in your leadership philosophy.

Learning Outcomes:

LO1: Critically review perspectives on leadership within the context of early childhood education
LO2: Critically reflect on the impact of personal values, beliefs and practices in developing a professional and ethical code of leadership within the early childhood context
LO3: Justify a range of socially and culturally appropriate leadership practices in the early childhood education context

Course required readings must be used as well as additional literature and important websites to inform the knowledge of your assessment. Course Guide is only for your knowledge. APA 6th edition reference list must be attached.

Part One – Discussion Forum: 600 Words
Part Two: Essay One: 1700 Words
Part Three: Essay Two: 750 Words
(Total Word Count: 3050 words)
*15% leeway above or below word limit

IMPORTANT INFORMATION:

(1) This is a level 7 course so please ensure to maintain good academic presentation standards with excellent referencing throughout all the parts. Further information can be found in uploaded document: Instructions-Assessment_Presentation_Criteria.pdf

(2) My writing style is simplistic with understandable terms.

(3) No headings and sub-headings within essays. The first sentence of the paragraph is a topic sentence that states the main idea of the paragraph. The last sentence of the paragraph is a concluding sentence proving the point you are making or act as a link to the following paragraph. Further information can be found in uploaded document: Instructions-Well-constructed_paragraphs.pdf

(4) For Essay Introduction use 5% of the word count and Essay Conclusion use 10% of the word count. Further information can be found in uploaded document: Instructions-Writing_Introductions_and_Conclusions

(6) Detailed information on marking criteria can be found in uploaded document: Instructions-Criteria for Marking Presentation in Written Assessments.pdf

(5) Referencing Style: APA 6th Edition with page numbers A MUST. You need to limit your use of direct quotes and more importantly, use effective paraphrasing APA Guidelines to be followed. Further information can be found in uploaded document: Instructions-APA-Quick-Guide.pdf

(6) 100% Plagiarism free.

(7) I have set deadline for this project as 08th May but my submission is later, so we can have enough time for revisions.

(8) Humble request to have Discussion # 1 (200 words) on 25/04/2020 and Discussion # 2 (200 words) on 02/05/2020.

Thanks