1 postsRe: Topic 3 DQ 2
Preventive care has its inherent characteristics embedded in the primary, secondary, and tertiary health promotion framework. Evidence-based research suggests that the three components of promotion should be incorporated to achieve effective treatment processes and disease prevention. According to Ali and Katz (2015), in 2010, tobacco use was the leading cause of death accounting for 435 000 deaths while diet and lack of physical activity followed with 400 000 cases in the United States. Although health promotion levels differ in cost and approach, they interlace with public health tenets to appropriate control measures for such preventable conditions and deaths by initiating awareness campaigns and determining educational needs for patients.

Levels of health promotion have disparities in costs and approaches to the administration of the appropriate treatment. The primary level involves the strategies that inhibit the occurrence of diseases. Such methods include vaccination, alteration of ill-health behaviors, and prohibition of foods and substances that increase susceptibility to illnesses. Comprising the primary level, upstream approaches diverge from the secondary and tertiary because they are cheaper and more efficient and constitute lower morbidity and mortality rates (World Health Organization [WHO], 2020). In addition, the primary level concerns the enhancement of the general health of the public as opposed to secondary and tertiary stages, which entail personalized treatment. Secondary prevention encompasses screening for diseases before signs and symptoms appear. In contrast, the tertiary level involves the mitigation of disease progression after diagnosis and manifestation of symptoms. Thus, the levels of health promotion differ in cost, effectiveness, and the administration of strategies depending on the stage of illness.

Although primary, secondary, and tertiary levels diverge in approach, they overlap with the principles of public health. The fundamental policy of the promotion levels is to facilitate the prevention of diseases. Healthcare providers, professionals, institutions, and the community environment are responsible for implementing this proposed action (WHO, 2020). Moreover, these promotion levels offer specific information on how to administer treatment. Primary prevention creates awareness for people to vaccinate and avoid indulgence in food and substances associated with illnesses. Secondary and tertiary levels enhance screening processes that help in diagnosing the diseases and stages to ensure the appropriate preventive measures are implemented. Therefore, levels of promotion align with public health policies and offer information on preventive measures.

Despite the cost and varying approaches to prevention, primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of promotion correspond to public health policies. Health institutions administer them to promote disease prevention and address the educational needs of patients. Health professionals, institutions, and governments should foster health promotions in societies to ensure optimal disease prevention.

References

Ali, A., & Katz, D. L. (2015). Disease prevention and health promotion: How integrative medicine fits. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 49(5), 230-240. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4615581/

World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). EPHO5: Disease prevention, including early detection of illness. Retrieved from https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/Health-systems/public-health-services/policy/the-10-essential-public-health-operations/epho5-disease-prevention,-including-early-detection-of-illness2

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The case brief should include the following major categories. I am including a link to information from LexisNexis on writing case briefs. Format the brief so I can easily identify these sections.

How to write a case brief.

Facts of the Case:This is a summary of events that provide context to the issues discussed in the appeal. This most often includes a summary of events which lead to an arrest and trial of the defendant. It should also include some of the arguments made by the parties in the case which are related to the reason for the appeal. For example, a person may be arrested for possession of a controlled substance. His attorney may have argued that police conducted an illegal search and the evidence should be suppressed and not used against him during the trail. After the defendant’s conviction, this objection provides the basis for the defendant’s appeal to an appellate court. This summary should include a description of reasoning and ruling of all the lower courts involved in this case. For example, a case which has made it to the Supreme Court will have moved through more than one appellate court first. Describe each court’s decision on the issue. This summary may also include the original trial court judge’s ruling on the issue and possibly that trial court judge’s reasoning.

Procedural History:Each appellate case will have a legal basis for appeal in which one of the parties involved in the case will assert that an error was committed during the original trial. Using the example above the defendant’s attorney may argue that the conviction of his client should be reversed because of a violation of his client’s rights. Other precedents (previous cases) may be cited in making this argument. Be sure to include the precise error alleged to have been made. (e.g. 4th amendment right to be free from unreasonable searches)

Judgment:This is the outcome of the case. The final decision handed down by the highest appellate court. Was the original outcome of the trial court affirmed, reversed, remanded, modified, etc? In addition to the ruling, including the court’s reasoning behind the ruling citing any precedent the court relied on. If there is a dissenting opinion (judges on the court who do not agree with the majority decision), please include their reasoning.

Your Thoughts and Opinion: This is where I want to hear your own opinion or ideas about the case. Make it at least a paragraph but more is better. Is this a good/bad decision? Doyou think there will be unintended consequences because of this decision? You are not confined to any particular issues in this section as long as you explain and justify your opinion.

Illinois v. Wardlow528 U.S. 119 (2000)| FindLaw