Assess national regulations regarding confidentiality. What are the ethical considerations in the establishment of these laws?

Using as References:

Title: Ethical Dimensions in the Health Professions

Edition: 6th (2015)

Author: Doherty, Regina and Purtilo, Ruth

Publisher: Elsevier Science Book

ISBN: 978-0323328920

• Read Chapter 9: “Honoring Confidentiality” in the book Ethical Dimensions in the Health Professions (6th ed.)
• Read Chapter 10: “Communication and Information Sharing” in the book Ethical Dimensions in the Health Professions (6th ed.)
• Read Chapter 11: “Informed Consent in Treatment and Clinical Research” in the book Ethical Dimensions in the Health Professions (6th ed.)

In two diferent paragraph give your personal to Crystal Moore and Jordan Paltani

Crystal Moore

Confidentiality…what is the first thing you think of when you hear that word?

I think of privacy and security.

According to the text, confidentiality is defined by the practice of keeping harmful, shameful, or embarrassing patient information within the proper bounds (Doherty, 2016). In an article from the Journal of American Medical Association, regarding parents access to adolescent health information by using electronic health records, the topic of adolescent rights to their medical information is discussed. The argument results from adolescent teens who partake in drugs, alcohol and/or sexual promiscuity and their parents being able to view their medical information also the protection of parents information as their behavior and medical history is often discussed and documented as well. The article further states that health information systems should be designed to protect sensitive data about the adolescent to the parent unless the adolescent gives consent (Bayer, 2015).

Should the medical information of a minor be easily accessible to their parents?

With the advancement of technology such as viewing lab results and clinical visits on your cell phone, how do you feel about adolescence under the age of 18 having the right to deny their parents access to their medical information?

I believe that the American culture in general views 18 years old as an adult. However, there are many 15 and 16 year old children who care for themselves and therefore should have the right to deny their parents access to their medical information. Some children are born into household where they unfortunately “grow up” early and have many responsibilities, if they can pay bills and work then why not give them full control over their medical rights?

Thoughts?

References:

Bayer, R., Santelli, J., & Klitzman, R. (2015). New challenges for electronic health records: confidentiality and access to sensitive health information about parents and adolescents.JAMA,313(1), 29–30.

Doherty, R. F. (2016).Ethical dimensions in the health professions(6th Edition). St. Louis, MO.

Jordan Paltani

The obligation to protect the confidentiality of patient health information is imposed in every state by that state’s own law, as well as the minimally established requirements under the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) as amended under the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH Act) and expanded under the HIPAA Omnibus Rule. Opinion 5.05 of the AMACode of Ethicsimplies that trust—the bedrock of the patient-physician relationship—requires privacy protections. Beneficence and the health care professional’s fiduciary responsibility to patients entail not only commitments to protect and promote patients’ health-related and other interests, but also commitments to avoid causing loss or harm to one’s patients.

Health Information Confidentiality. (2020). Retrieved July 01, 2020, from https://www.ache.org/about-ache/our-story/our-commitments/ethics/ache-code-of-ethics/health-information-confidentiality

Majumder, M., & Guerrini, C. (2016, March 01). Federal Privacy Protections: Ethical Foundations, Sources of Confusion in Clinical Medicine, and Controversies in Biomedical Research. Retrieved July 01, 2020, from https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/federal-privacy-protections-ethical-foundations-sources-confusion-clinical-medicine-and/2016-03

Task: To create a back-end API that supports the following routes:

1st route: api/quiz/list returns a json array with information about the all tests supported by the api. Should return only the quiz info such as id, title, and deception, not the list of quiz questions

2nd route: api/quiz/:quizid returns a single json object with the quiz information whose id equals to `:quizid` parameter in the route. Quiz id must be a field in the json, not the index of the quiz in the internal array storing the quizzes.

3rd route: api/quiz/:quizid/:questionid returns a single json object with data associated with a designated questione (i.e. question with id questionid ). The questions answer should NOT be included in this response. Moreover, the json request should have a meta field with a next_question subfiled that stores the id of the question that follows the current question in the quiz . If questionid is the last question in the quiz, next_question should be set to -1. If questionid is set to the value first then the route should return the data for the first question of the quiz.
{
      “data”: {
            “id” : 100,
            “question_type” : “multiple_choice”,
            “question” : “What is 1+1 equals to?”,
            “answer_options” : [“1″,”2″,”3″,”4”],
      },
      “meta” : {
            “next_question”: 101
}
}

4th route: api/check_answer/:quizid/:questionid/:answer : the route checks the :answer parameter against the correct answer of the question with id questionid and respond the results in a json object that include the following fields: correct is set to true if the question was answered correctly, false otherwise; feedback includes the feedback message to display to the user, this might be a short explanation about what is the correct answer, if the question as answer incorrectly, or an encouraging message if the question was answered incorrectly. Note that the parameter /:answer might encode different information about the answer depending on what type of question is answered. For example, in a multiple-choice question the :answer parameter might store the index of the correct answer option while in a text response question the :answer parameter might store the actual user text response. It is up to you, as the designer of the API to decide how to encode this parameter. A sample json response for this is provided below.
{
    “question_id” : 100,
    “user_answer” : “3”,
    “correct”: false,
    “feedback” : “The correct answer is 1 + 1 equals 2”
}

Create a second version of your front-end SPA

You are expected to create a second version of your SPA application that uses the RESTful API you created above and task advantage of the new features it provides. Make sure to create new files for this second version. Ex. index_milesone2.html and quiz_milestone2.js

1.    The list of quizzes is loaded asynchronously from the new API using the api/quiz/list route and the options are displayed in the SPA for the user to select.

2.    Each question is loaded asynchronously from the new API using the using a separate calls to the api/quiz/:quizid/:questionid route. You SPA application is expected to use the “next_question” field that comes with the response from the API to navigate between questions and recognize when the quiz is completed.

3.    The updated SPA should use the API route api/check_answer/:quizid/:questionid/:answer to evaluate the users answer to each question. Based on the JSON response you application should provide the appropriate feedback and update the score board.

1.    You RESTful API must be implemented using node.js and the express module.

2.    The routes of your application must be defined in their own module and use the express.Router() class.