prepare and submit a paper on how social and psychological factors influence a specific aspect of health.

/in /by

Your assignment is to prepare and submit a paper on how social and psychological factors influence a specific aspect of health. This paper illustrates that smoking has been argued to cause health complications which in turn causes serious sociological implications. Sundmacher argues that in the European Union alone, smoking causes over half a million deaths annually. Smoking poses a threat to the health of pregnant women. Although women smokers are likely to quit smoking during pregnancy, the majority go back to in less than one year after giving birth. Elsewhere, evidence gathered from a case-controlled study suggest that smoking could be protective against Alzheimer’s disease. Broe continues to argue that smoking has no net gain in the aspect of cognitive functioning. Such an assertion can be because there exist evidence linking smoking as a risk factor for the development of vascular dementia. In addition, smoking has been associated with a prevalence of lower weight. Reduced tobacco usage is undeniably an important public health goal. The reason behind this is, smoking has been strongly related to health complications and premature mortality. On the other hand, smoking cessation has been linked to weight gain. Reduced prevalence of smoking cases has been suggested as one the risk factor associated with obesity. A rational model of addiction developed by Becker and Murphy offers insights on why people engage in potentially addictive behaviors of smoking. Gender is the first social element of choice that affects the health. Gender can be expressed as the social distinctions between men and women. Although they tend to get sick more than men, women have been argued to live on average five years longer compared to men. They are reported to have more non-fatal chronic illness and more acute illness. Women have higher rates of depression, and this exposes them to use more depression medication. Compares to men, women are more likely to develop high blood pressure and kidney complications.

 

Provide a 2 pages analysis while answering the following question: The Time between Death and the Discovery of the Corpse. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required.

/in /by

Provide a 2 pages analysis while answering the following question: The Time between Death and the Discovery of the Corpse. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. Entomological evidence Post mortem interval (PMI) is the time between death and the discovery of the corpse and can be estimated by entomological evidence. Estimation of PMI can be done by examining the developmental stage of particular insect species such as blowfly larvae collected from a corpse. PMI determinations are affected by factors that have an effect on the larval size and the growth rate. This study was conducted to explore the competitive effects of larval overcrowding on Calliphora vomitoria reared on the liver, brain and muscle tissue of a pig.

The main hypothesis for the research was the effect of larval overcrowding on the size, rate of development and survival of C. vomitoria. This highlighted the aim of the study to show the importance of considering the effects of larval crowding that could cause PMI errors during casework. It was found out that increased larval crowding resulted in faster development of C. vomitoria and the size of C. vomitoria that could cause oversestimation and undersestimation of PMI respectively if not accounted for during casework.

The major limitation in this research is that the study only explored development during larval stages. This means that further investigations are needed before making direct comparisons with the results. Moreover, comparison with other studies was difficult because the muscle used in each experiment had a different origin and was likely to cause variation in the results. The consideration of space available to larvae within a culture affects competitive interactions would be required.

The research had several strengths while conducting the research. The researchers ensured that food was always in excess so that competitive effects could be ruled out. They also reared the cultures in different pig tissue enabling them to determine the development rate at different larval densities in cultures reared in the brain, liver and muscle while keeping the experimental conditions identical. The effects of larval crowding at three intervals on each of the three tissues were observed for the greatest changes in body tissues. It was found out that the brain was the least nourishing and due to lower protein levels and higher water content, there was rapid consumption compared to the other tissues.

In conclusion, the research was justified because it effectively gave light to how overcrowding during larval stages of development resulted in a competitive feeding environment therefore affecting size, development rate and survival. This affected estimation of PMI and is critical in the forensic investigations.

The results indicated that higher temperatures attained and more efficient feeding increased by larval crowding caused faster development of C. vomitoria. This was likely to cause overestimation of the PMI if not considered. It was also observed that the degrees of crowding differed on each tissue type, suggesting the importance of knowledge of the likely positions of larvae feeding on a corpse. The tendency to produce undersized individuals could lead to underestimation of PMI. It is important to consider factors such as larval overcrowding in estimation of PMI during casework (Ireland & Turner, 2005).

Bibliography

Ireland, S., & Turner, B. (2005). The effects of larval crowding and food type on the size and development of the blowfly, Calliphora vomitoria. Forensic Science Interantional , 159, 175-181.

Write 15 pages thesis on the topic the dangers that police officers face in rural areas due to the lack of back up or riding partners.

/in /by

Write 15 pages thesis on the topic the dangers that police officers face in rural areas due to the lack of back up or riding partners. The personal safety and security of a rural police officer is a cause of stress to the police fraternity, as they are faced with isolation that poses great danger. The back- up required by an urban police officer is met with, almost instantly. Whenever the need arises, the urban police officer is assured of back-up within minutes. The same is not in the case of their rural counterparts because at most times there is the danger that relief comes when it is too late. In most cases it sometimes takes more than an hour to get help from back-up forces. This leads to stress on the part of the rural police officer even when they have to handle seemingly easy cases of domestic violence or auto crashes.

A good example of this was an incident that took place on March 31st 1989, where help did not arrive in time and Maine State Police Detective Giles Landry was shot and killed after he responded to a call regarding a domestic dispute in a secluded spot in a rural area. When inspector Landry arrived at the scene of the crime, the suspects girlfriend made a beeline to the passenger seat of the detective’s patrol car, giving the suspect reason to believe that Detective Landry was indeed her lover because he was in an unmarked police car and moreover alone.

The suspect had slowly approached the vehicle from the rear- end and shot at Landry twice through the window at the back, with a Ruger .44 caliber rifle, hitting Detective Giles Landry in the head, putting an end to him instantly. Immediately after this, the suspect shot at his girlfriend killing her on the spot and soon after that committed suicide himself. The detective officer had left behind a wife and their two children. There are countless such cases taking place especially in the rural areas, where unsuspecting police personnel are at the mercy of dangerous criminals.

Write 8 pages with APA style on Urban economic perspective of Cape Town. History claims that the city was founded by the Dutch East India Company and had served as the supply station of the Dutch ships which used to sail to the east like, in India. The city has a vast land area of about 948 sq miles. Apart from being the legislative capital of South Africa, the country is also the provincial capital of the region.

/in /by

Write 8 pages with APA style on Urban economic perspective of Cape Town. History claims that the city was founded by the Dutch East India Company and had served as the supply station of the Dutch ships which used to sail to the east like, in India. The city has a vast land area of about 948 sq miles. Apart from being the legislative capital of South Africa, the country is also the provincial capital of the region.

As recorded in 2011, the population strength of Cape Town was 3740025. The rate of urbanization in the country has also risen by about 37.5% . The gross employment rate of the city is about 76%. The average monthly income of about 47% of them in the city is R.3200. 78% of the individuals in the city live in formal form of dwellings. The city has good access to safe drinking water and sanitation. The infant mortality rate of the city is about 33.2% . The crude death of the city was about 6014, as estimated in 2011. Gold mining is an important industry of the city. South Africa including the city of Cape Town is rich in terms of many natural resources like, coal, iron ore, gold, platinum and copper. Apart from gold mining, the region is also famous for various other types of industrial segments like, iron, steel and food processing. The city is also rich in natural resources like, cotton and wheat. Carrying forward an elaborate history with it, the city has undertaken vast changes to build and enhance its urbanization perspectives over the time. (“Natural resources and economy”). Economic Perspectives of the City The City of Cape Town is rich in terms of natural resources. These resources which are available in the city often serve as raw materials for the major industries of the country. Moreover, the gross demand of gold in the global market is increasing with time. This has been beneficial for the city of Cape Town as it possesses the core competence over gold reserves in the world. The city is also rich in terms of agricultural resources and animal husbandry. The available rich natural resources of the city are the underlying factor that holds the city together and sustains it. Theory of agglomeration in urban economy explains that when business industries are clustered together, the cost of production of each firm becomes low. This is because clustered firms often experience economies of scale in production. This is either due to common multiple suppliers or division of labor or specialization of work. Cost Quantity of output produced (Source: Authors Creation) It is due to the above factors that the gross quantity of output raises and simultaneously, the cost of production falls for economies in production. The extent of urban agglomeration rate in Cape Town is 690 (km^2). This good agglomeration rate of Cape Town has helped the city to improve its income thresholds. The annual growth rate of the city from 2005 to 2009 was 4.06%. The city has competitive advantage over manufacturing and extraction, film, media, health and medical services. The formal economy of the city provides about 64% of employment opportunities to the labor force in South Africa. The good degree of agglomeration, core competences and natural resources come together to help the city to become a prominent business location in the contemporary world.