Compose a 2500 words assignment on eu law. Needs to be plagiarism free! It was held in Marshall v Southampton and South West Hampshire Health Authority that an anti-discrimination Directive that had not been implemented by the UK despite the expiration of time for doing so, could not be used against private parties. The ECJ’s decision was based on the rationale that Article 249 of the EC Treaty specifically stated that Directives were binding on the states to which they were addressed.3 The only real possibility for pursuing claims against private parties in cases where damages are sustained and claim would have arisen under an unimplemented directive is in cases where the private individual is under the control of the state, subject to some form of statutory control or provides a public service.4 Fattenem appears to be a private corporate body offering private services and thus cannot be characterized as an agent of the state. There are other possibilities for the residents and the gardener to pursue claims against Fattenem with respect to the unimplemented Directive. The doctrine of indirect effect as enunciated in Francovitch v Italian Republic [1992] IRLR 84. In the Francovitch case, the Italian government’s failure to implement a Directive seeking to ensure that employees receive fair compensation when their employers became insolvent resulted in employees losing out on compensation. The court ruled that Italy’s failure to implement the Directive was a breach of its obligation to ensure that the result intended to be achieved was ensured. Thus Italy was liable to compensate the employees.5 Based on the doctrine of indirect effect as enunciated in Francovitch, the residents and gardeners can thus pursue Fattenem for damages relative to the unimplemented Directive. Based on the ruling in Francovitch, the right to take action indirectly is substantiated if it can be established that the damages complained of is exactly the result that the Directive intended to prevent. The Direction was clearly intended to prevent water pollution and the government’s failure to implement the Directive resulted in significant water pollution and damages. Essentially, the Francovitch decision established that individuals may pursue claims against the state in respect of damages sustained as a result of the government’s failure to implement a Directive if three conditions were satisfied.6 First, it must be established that the Directive must transfer some right to the individual complainants. Arguably, the Directive conferred upon the individuals a right to clean and unpolluted water. Secondly, the rights must be discernible from the wording of the Directive. The Directive clearly intended to prevent contamination of water in the areas of waste disposal by those who manufactured fertilisers. Thirdly, there must be a link between the government’s failure to implement the Directive and the corresponding damages complained of. The evidence suggest that the government’s failure to implement the Directive resulted in Fattenem’s progressive and unrestrained use of chemicals. The residents had not complained of pollution and contamination before. Thus had the Directive been implemented Fattenem would not have continued to increase its use of the chemical to dangerous levels.

Your assignment is to prepare and submit a paper on mixed method research. Running Head: MIXED METHOD RESEARCH Mixed method research Mixed method research Mixed method research is also known as multi-methodology research which integrates several approaches of conducting professional research for instance it emphasizes on systematic collection and analysis of both qualitative and qualitative data (Teddlie & Onwuegbuzie, 2003, p 379). The mixed method technique of research embodies single approach designs which is basically a research technique based on analyzing qualitative and quantitative data thus it assures the researcher of quality. Secondly, there is the mixed approach design which separates research approaches and research strategies. In research, a strategy is a definite procedure that can be undertaken to achieve a specific research objective. The mixing of qualitative and quantitative methods of research has been slowly gaining popularity among methodologists and nowadays it is associated with methodological triangulation. This method is vital in conducting an elucidative research where a lot of facts need to be set right.

The mixed method research technique is desirable and reliable when it comes to collecting of psychological data. Its desirability is based on such factors as it is expansive therefore it breaks the barrier of limitation on the subjects to be covered by a researcher. The end result is that a lot of data is collected about the same topic or subject but from different paradigms. Therefore, it is worth acknowledging that mixed method research could be instrumental in expressing the holistic perspective that is so much needed in psychological studies. In addition to being expansive in subject coverage, mixed method research is desirable as a technique since it brings out various levels of a social research for example, cognitive, social and biological. Applying more than one level of research will go a long way into creating a clearer picture of the psychological field and provide more adequate explanation of circumstances.

Secondly, apart from being desirable, mixed method technique admirable because it is feasible. This does not mean that the technique does not have flaws. Some research techniques hardly work together but a researcher needs to understand differences likely to be portrayed by each and every technique. In terms of feasibility, culture affects most of the researcher’s views and analyses. This means that cognitive skills are a must for any researcher who intends to use the mixed method research methodology. The user needs to be logical in thinking, irrational and understanding both qualitative and quantitative research which comes in handy in collecting complete data. There are also computer software programs that will assist a researcher who intends to employ the mixed method research. Among the commonly used software programs is dedoose which is an application that uses the internet to conduct qualitative and mixed method analysis research.

Mixed method research is a statistical discipline that is applicable in other fields especially those that deal with data collection. Psychology is not an exception when it comes to applying this research methodology since the information collected is essential in analyzing customer satisfaction or the quality of services provided to patients. Data collection and analysis skills are essential in using this technique. After collection, data interpretation skills come in handy. Data interpretation goes hand in hand with data validation which helps a researcher to provide a defensive interpretation of the data collected. Other skills include sampling which helps the researcher in using a portion of the whole population to make a conclusive analysis. Finally, mixed method research relates to social change in that by conducting a research on such social aspects as healthcare and customer satisfaction, the society benefits at large from improved services and social awareness created by the research. In the long run the quality of a research equates it to social change.

Reference

Teddlie, C., & Onwuegbuzie, A.J. (2003). A framework for analyzing data in mixed methods research: Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research. Sage Press: Thousand Oaks. (pp. 351-383).