List 5 mechanisms by which gene frequencies in a population can be altered. Describe each briefly!

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List 5 mechanisms by which gene frequencies in a population can be altered. Describe each briefly!

Biology Questions

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  1. The plural of villus (hair) is ____________ whereas the plural of diagnosis is ____________
  •  villuses, diagnosises.
  • villi, diagnoses.villus,
  • diagnosis.villi, diagnosis.
  • villuses, diagnosis.

2. Three common components of a feedback loop are

  • a stimulus, an integrating (control) center, and an organ system.

a stimulus, a receptor, and an integrating (control) center.

  • a receptor, an integrating (control) center, and an effector.
  • a receptor, an organ, and an organ system.
  • a receptor, an integrating (control) center, and an organ system.
  1. The ____________ is defined as a healthy male 22 years old, weighing 70 kg (154 lb), under no environmental stress, and consuming 2,800 kilocalories (kcal) per day; whereas the ________ is the same except for a weight of 58 kg (128 lb) and an intake of 2,000 kcal/day.
  • normal man, normal woman
  • normal male, normal female
  • average man, average woman
  • average male, average woman
  • reference man, reference woman

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4. Stereoscopic vision provides

  • opposable perception.
  • color perception.
  • depth perception.
  • bipedalism.
  • walking upright.

5.The constant appearance of new strains of influenza virus is an example of

  • a model.
  • evolution.
  • selection pressure.
  • survivorship.
  • success.
  1. _____________ is the view that not everything about an organism can be understood or predicted from the knowledge of its components; that is, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

Naturalism
Reductionism
Holism
Materialism
Science

  1. Top of Form
  2. Most primates are ________________, meaning they live in trees.

prehensile
bipedal
cursorial
troglodytic
arboreal
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  1. The terms physics, physiology, and physician come from a term that ___ proposed to distinguish natural causes from supernatural causes.

Hippocrates
Plato
Schwann
Aristotle
Avicenna
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  1. The lexicon of standard international anatomical terms

is called Terminologia Anatomica (TA).
is called Nomina Anatomica (NA).
is formed from thousands of English word roots.
is formed from thousands of Italian word roots.
is formed from thousands of French word roots.
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  1. Hypercalcemia means

elevated calcium levels in blood.
lowered calcium levels in bone.
elevated sodium levels in blood.
elevated calcium levels in bone.
lowered calcium levels in the blood.
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  1. ___________________ was the first to publish accurate drawings of the body, and is thus regarded as “the father of modern anatomy.”

Vesalius
Maimonides
Harvey
Aristotle
van Leeuwenhoek
12. Feeling structures with your fingertips is called _________, whereas tapping on the body and listening for sounds of abnormalities is called ____________
palpation; auscultation.
auscultation; percussion.
percussion; auscultation.
palpation; percussion.
percussion; palpation.

  1. The principal theory of how evolution works is called

natural pressure.
selective pressure.
darwinian pressure.
natural adaptation.
natural selection.
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  1. Which of the following was an adaptation evolved in connection with human upright walking?

hair
thumbs fully opposable
stereoscopic vision
color vision
spinal and pelvic anatomy

  1. The process of using numerous observations to develop general principles and predictions about a specific subject is called

experimental design.
deductive method.
inductive method.
hypothesis.
statistical testing.

  1. Which of the following lists levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest?

organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system
organ system, organ, cell, tissue, organelle
organ system, organelle, tissue, cell, organ
organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle
organ, organ system, tissue, cell, organelle

  1. Taking apart a clock to see how it works is similar to ____________ thinking about human physiology.

comparative
evolutionary
holistic
inductive
reductionist
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  1. Which of the following lists examples of body structures from the simplest to the most complex?

mitochondrion, connective tissue, protein, stomach, adipocyte (fat cell)
protein, mitochondrion, adipocyte (fat cell), connective tissue, stomach
mitochondrion, connective tissue, stomach, protein, adipocyte (fat cell)
protein, adipocyte (fat cell), stomach, connective tissue, mitochondrion
protein, stomach, connective tissue, adipocyte (fat cell), mitochondrion
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  1. Negative feedback loops are

homeostatic.
not homeostatic.
associated with “vicious circles.”
self-amplifying cycles.
harmful.
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  1. Humans are born before their nervous system have matured, which is traceable to

their inability to regulate body temperature.
skeletal adaptations to bipedalism.
the arboreal habits of early primates.
the conditions of modern civilization.
the diet of early species of Homo.
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What characters do whales posses that make them mammals rather than fish? Why are whales thought to have evolved from land dwelling animals? What is the evidence?

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What characters do whales posses that make them mammals rather than fish? Why are whales thought to have evolved from land dwelling animals? What is the evidence?

Explain how the loss of biodiversity impact human health?

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Prepare: In this discussion post you will be considering the role of land degradation, desertification, and biodiversity loss in an ecosystem. Land degradation can be caused by extreme weather conditions such as drought and coastal surges. However, it is also caused by human activities that degrade the productivity of the soil and impact the production of ecosystem goods and services (Land degradation and desertification, n.d.). In the past century, the growing pressures of agricultural and livestock production, urbanization, and deforestation have significantly contributed to land degradation and desertification (Land degradation and desertification, n.d.). As you are reading the reports and watching the movie take notes on how these social, economic, and policy factors contribute to land degradation and desertification.
Land degradation and desertification also impacts human health and well-being. The degradation of land puts considerable stress of food-producing systems which often leads to malnutrition. Water scarcity and air pollutants are also associated with land degradation. As you learned in Week Two, the lack of clean water and poor hygiene can cause higher incidences of water- and food-borne diseases (Land degradation and desertification, n.d.). Likewise, in Week One you learned that wind erosion and air pollutants cause higher rates of respiratory diseases in populations. Dryland climates, created through land degradation and desertification, lead to poverty, emigration, and overall reduced human well-being. The migration of populations from dryland areas to more hospitable areas often leads to the spread of infectious diseases.
• How would you define land degradation, desertification, biodiversity, and ecosystem collapse?
• What are the primary social, economic, and policy factors that contribute to ecosystem degradation?
• How do these factors put pressure of food systems and the availability of food and water in affected areas?
• How does the loss of biodiversity impact human health?
• How can you incorporate the information you learned about air pollution and changes to the hydrological system from Weeks One and Two into this discussion?