Include in your discussion an evaluation of the presence and effects of alteration in the homeostatic state secondary to gender, genetic, ethnic, and temporal variables.
Requirements:
Make sure all of the topics in the case study have been addressed.
Cite at least three sources; journal articles, textbooks or evidenced-based websites to support the content.
Two sources from the book and one other evidence-based reference no older than 3-5 years.
Do not use .com, Wikipedia, or up-to-date, etc., for your sources.
Case Study 4
APA format.
A 72-year-old man presents to the emergency department complaining of severe shortness of breath. He has long-standing poorly controlled hypertension and history of coronary artery disease and two myocardial infarctions. About 1 week before admission, he had an episode of substernal chest pain lasting approximately 30 minutes. Since then he has noted progressive shortness of breath to the point that he is now dyspneic on minimal exertion such as walking across the room. He notes a new onset of shortness of breath while lying down. He is only comfortable when propped up by three pillows. He is occasionally awakened from sleep acutely short of breath. On examination he is afebrile, with a blood pressure of 160/100 mm Hg, heart rate of 108/min, respiratory rate of 22/min, and oxygen saturation of 88% on room air. He is pale, cool, and diaphoretic. Jugular venous pressure is 10 cm H2O. Chest auscultation reveals rales in both lungs to the mid lung fields. Cardiac examination reveals tachycardia, with an audible S3 and S4. No murmurs or rubs are heard. Extremities are without edema. The ECG shows left ventricular hypertrophy and Q waves in the anterior and lateral leads, consistent with this patient’s history of hypertension and myocardial infarction. Chest x-ray film reveals bilateral fluffy infiltrates consistent with pulmonary edema. He is admitted to the ICU with a diagnosis of heart failure and possible myocardial infarction.
What are the four factors that account for almost all cases of pulmonary edema?
Which are probably responsible for this patient’s pulmonary edema?

During the last 5 weeks, you have explored various body systems: neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, and hematological. These four systems work together along with other body systems to complete a myriad of functions. For this reason, when disorders occur within one body system, it can create potentially devastating effects throughout the entire body. For instance, Parkinson’s disease is a disorder of the central nervous system, yet its alterations actually affect multiple body systems from the cardiovascular system to the gastrointestinal system. In this Assignment, you examine alterations associated with disorders, as well as the impact of the alterations on multiple body systems.
To prepare:
From the list below, select a disorder of interest to you:
Alzheimer’s disease
Asthma in children
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Congestive heart failure
Hepatic disease (liver disease)
Hypertension
Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism
Seizures
Sepsis
Identify alterations associated with your selected disorder. Consider the pathophysiology of the alterations. Think about how these alterations produce pathophysiological changes in at least two body systems.
Reflect on how patient factors such as genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, and behavior might impact the pathophysiology of the alterations you identified, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of your selected disorder.
Review the “Mind maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct a mind map for the disorder you selected. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of your selected disorder.
To complete:
Develop a 5- to 10-slide PowerPoint presentation that addresses the following:
Describe your selected disorder, as well as associated alterations. Explain the pathophysiology of the alterations, including changes that occur in at least two body systems.
Explain how genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, and behavior might impact the pathophysiology of the alterations you identified, as well as diagnosis and treatment of your selected disorder.
Construct a mind map for the disorder you selected. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology of alterations, risk factors, and clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder.