Application: Asthma Management

/in /by

 
Chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation are respiratory disorders that affect children and adults. Advanced practice nurses often assist physicians in providing treatment to patients with these disorders. Sometimes, patients require immediate treatment, making it is essential to recognize and distinguish minor asthma symptoms from serious, life-threatening symptoms. Since symptoms and attacks are often induced by a trigger, nurses must also help patients identify their triggers and recommend appropriate management options. Like many other disorders, there are various approaches to treating and managing care for asthmatic patients. Some approaches work better than others, depending on individual patient factors. One method that supports the clinical decision making of drug therapy plans for asthmatic patients is the step-wise approach, which you explore in this Assignment.
To prepare:

  • Review “Asthma” in Chapter 27 of the Huether and McCance text. Identify the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation. Consider how these disorders are similar and different.
  • Consider drugs used to treat asthmatic patients, including long-term control and quick relief treatment options for patients.
  • Think about the impact these drugs might have on patients, including adults and children.
  • Review Chapter 25 of the Arcangelo text. Reflect on using the stepwise approach to asthma treatment and management. Consider how stepwise management assists health care providers and patients in gaining and maintaining control of the disease.
  • Think about how to educate patients to develop a plan for medication adherence. Consider how the plan might differ based on the patient’s age.
By Day 7

Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:

  • Describe the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation. Then, explain the changes in the arterial blood-gas patterns during an exacerbation.
  • Describe long-term control and quick-relief drugs used to treat asthma in patients.
  • Explain the impact these drugs might have on adults and children.
  • Explain the stepwise approach to asthma treatment and management and how this approach assists health care providers and patients in gaining and maintaining control of the disease.
  • Explain how you would help patients develop a plan for medication adherence, including how the plan might differ based on the patient’s age.

Reminder: The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. 

An organic molecule that is critical for the normal function of an enzyme is?

/in /by

______ A fever is best described as a/an: A) positive feedback cycle. B) negative feedback cycle. C) control center malfunction. D) altered set point. E) receptor malfunction.
________Most enzyme names have the suffix: A) -ise. B) -ose. C) -ase. D) -in E) –shizzle
_____The first step of Na+K+ pump’s activity involves the binding of which of the following? A) K+ binds to sites outside the cell. B) K+ binds to sites inside the cell.
C) Na+ binds to sites outside the cell. D) Na+ binds to sites inside the cell. E) ATP binds to sites inside the cell.
_______The alpha helix and beta pleated sheet are examples of which level of protein organization? A) primary. B) secondary. C) tertiary. D) quaternary. E) penternary.
_______Water molecules interact with each other by ______ bonds: A) ionic. B) non-polar C) covalent. D) hydrogen.. E) hydrophobic
______ Forming a water molecule as a result or byproduct of a reaction is known as: A) hydration. B) hydrolysis. C) condensation D) activation. E) a miracle.
______ Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that, in facilitated diffusion: A) ATP is consumed. B) molecules move against a concentration gradient. C) carrier proteins are involved. D) A & C.
_______ A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of: A) pinocytosis. B) osmosis. C) exocytosis. D) phagocytosis. E) receptor mediated endocytosis.
______Red blood cells will shrink in a/an ________ solution: A) isotonic. B) hypotonic. C) hypertonic. D) cytotonic.. E) psychiatric.
______ An organic molecule that is critical for the normal function of an enzyme is:
A) an active site B) a paraenzyme. C) a cofactor. D) a coenzyme. E) a saccharide. ______ A cell with an internal osmolarity of 300 mOsm is placed in a 200 mM solution of
NaCl. The solution is _____ and the cell will _____. A) isotonic – not change size. B) hypotonic – shrink. C) hypertonic – swell. D) hypotonic – swell. E) hypertonic – shrink.
_____ If there is 0.2 M glucose along with 0.15 M NaCl in a solution, what is its approximate osmolarity? A) 0.175 Osm. B) 500 mOsm. C) 350 mOsm. D) 2.15 Osm. E) 300 mOsm
_____ Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP directly or indirectly. This type of transport is known as ___. A) simple diffusion. B) active transport. C) endocytosis. D) exocytosis. E) facilitated diffusion.
______ The movement of a solute against its concentration gradient is a characteristic of:
A) osmosis. B) simple diffusion. C) active transport. D) facilitated diffusion. E) B & D.
______ When a membrane-bound vesicle in the cytoplasm fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents to the outside, this is called: A) diffusion. B) phagocytosis. C) endocytosis. D) pinocytosis. E) exocytosis.
_____ Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are transported into cells by: A) pinocytosis.
B) phagocytosis. C) receptor-mediated endocytosis. D) J-Lo-cytosis. E) facilitated diffusion.
._____ Carbon dioxide gets through the cell membrane by: A) simple diffusion. B) facilitated diffusion. C) osmosis. D) active transport. E) symport.
______The rate of passive transport is dependent upon: A) temperature. B) the amount of ATP available. C) the concentration gradient. D) A & B. E) A & C.
______ B vitamins are often have roles as: A) membrane proteins. B) coenzymes.
C) inhibitors of enzymes. D) inorganic cofactors. E) membrane transporters.
______ Blood, Bile, Black Bile, and Phlegm are the: A) four humors of Chinese medicine.
B) four humors of Greek medicine. C) vital fluids first described in the Bible. D) Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. E) fluids my roommate leaves in the shower.
______ In glucose homeostasis the beta cell has which role or roles? A) sensor. B) control center. C) effector. D) all of the above. E) A & B.
_____ A transporter carries glucose into a cell against its concentration gradient while simultaneously moving sodium into the cell. This type of transport is called: A) primary active transport. B) secondary active transport. C) facilitated diffusion. D) antiport.
_____Enzymes speed reaction rates because they: A) decrease the kinetic energy of a reaction. B) increase the kinetic energy of a reaction. C) increase the activation energy of a reaction. D) decrease the activation energy of a reaction.
______ When a membrane-bound vesicle in the cytoplasm fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents to the outside, this is called: A) diffusion.
B) phagocytosis. C) endocytosis. D) exocytosis. E) pinocytosis.
______ During protein synthesis, amino acids are carried to ribosomes by: A) mRNA. B) tRNA. C) rRNA. D) aaRNA. E) peptidase.
______The organelle that contains many digestive enzymes is the: A) ribosome B) mitochondria. C) lysosome. D) nucleolus. E) Golgi body.
______ An anticodon would be found in: A) cRNA. B) mRNA. C) rRNA. D) tRNA. E) the “Left Behind” novels.
______ A base, a sugar and a phosphate are the primary components of a/an: A) amino acid. B) nucleotide. C) saccharide. D) triglyceride.
______ The symbol for medicine is a staff with 1-2 snakes around it. It is called the: A) Aescalpius. B) Panacea. C) Caduceus. D) Apollowhopper. E) medical staff.
______ A fever is best described as a/an: A) positive feedback cycle. B) negative feedback cycle. C) control center malfunction. D) altered set point. E) receptor malfunction.
_______Coffee has a pH of 5 and blood has a pH of 7. Therefore, the concentration of hydrogen ions in coffee is _____ than blood. A) 100 times less B) 20 times more C) 100 times more D) 20 times less. E) 2 times more if it is from Starbucks.
________Most enzyme names have the suffix: A) -ise. B) -ase. C) -ose. D) -in E) –shizzle
________ Lactose, or milk sugar, is an example of a: A) dipeptide.
B) polysaccharide. C) diglyceride. D) disaccharide. E) monosaccharide.
______ Prostaglandins are a type of: A) protein. B) lipid. C) enzyme. D) nucleic acid E) carbohydrate.
________ Which plane of section could go through both ears? A) transverse. B) parasagittal. C) midsagittal. D) frontal. E) A & D.
_______The alpha helix and beta pleated sheet are examples of which level of protein organization? A) primary. B) secondary. C) tertiary. D) quaternary. E) penternary.
_______Water molecules interact with each other by ______ bonds: A) ionic. B) hydrogen. C) covalent. D) non-polar. E) hydrophobic
_______Complementary strands of DNA are held together by: A) hydrogen bonds. B) ionic bonds. C) covalent bonds. D) savings bonds. E) sugar-phosphate bonds.
______ Blood, Bile, Black Bile, and Phlegm are the: A) four humors of Chinese medicine. B) four humors of Greek medicine. C) vital fluids first described by Galen. D) Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. E) fluids my roommate leaves in the shower.
______ Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that, in facilitated diffusion: A) ATP is consumed. B) molecules move against a concentration gradient. C) carrier proteins are involved. D) A & C.
______Red blood cells will shrink in a/an ________ solution: A) isotonic. B) hypertonic. C) hypotonic. D) cytotonic.. E) psychiatric
_____ A plane that separates the body into superior and inferior regions is called a ___ plane.: A) medial B) frontal C) sagittal. D) cranial E) transverse.
______ An organic molecule that is critical for the normal function of an enzyme is:
A) an active site B) a paraenzyme. C) a coenzyme. D) a cofactor. E) an alloenzyme.
________The thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity are separated by the:
A) pleural membranes. B) spinal cord. C) diaphragm. D) rib cage. E) pelvis.
______ The movement of a solute against its concentration gradient is a characteristic of:
A) osmosis. B) simple diffusion. C) active transport. D) facilitated diffusion. E) B & D.

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of?

/in /by

1) _______ The “cell theory” was developed primarily in: A) the Roman era. B) the 17th century. C) the 19th century. D) the Middle Ages. E) Egypt.
2) ______ Galen is known as the Father of: A) medicine. B) the microscope.
C) modern anatomy. D) ancient anatomy. E) modern physiology.
3) ______ The symbol for medicine is a staff with 1-2 snakes around it. It is called the:
A) Aescalpius. B) Panacea. C) Caduceus. D) Apollowhopper. E) medical staff.
4)______ A fever is best described as a/an: A) positive feedback cycle. B) negative feedback cycle. C) control center malfunction. D) altered set point. E) receptor malfunction.
5)_______Coffee has a pH of 5 and blood has a pH of 7. Therefore, the concentration of hydrogen ions in coffee is _____ than blood. A) 100 times less B) 20 times more
C) 100 times more D) 20 times less. E) 2 times more if it is from Starbucks.
6) ________Most enzyme names have the suffix: A) -ise. B) -ase. C) -ose. D) -in
E) –didley.
7)________ Lactose, or milk sugar, is an example of a: A) dipeptide.
B) polysaccharide. C) diglyceride. D) disaccharide. E) monosaccharide.
8) ______Nipples of a human are anterior, but nipples of a cat are: A) dorsal.
B) caudal. C) ventral. D) posterior. E) trick question, cats don’t have nipples!
9) ______ Prostaglandins are a type of: A) protein. B) lipid. C) enzyme. D) nucleic acid
E) carbohydrate.
10) ________ Which plane of section could go through both eyes? A) transverse.
B) parasagittal. C) midsagittal. D) frontal. E) A & D.
11) _______The alpha helix and beta pleated sheet are examples of which level of protein organization? A) primary. B) secondary. C) tertiary. D) quaternary. E) awesome.
12) _______Water molecules interact with each other by ______ bonds: A) ionic.
B) hydrogen. C) covalent bonds. D) non-polar bonds. E) hydrophobic
13) _______Complementary strands of DNA are held together by: A) hydrogen bonds.
B) ionic bonds. C) covalent bonds. D) savings bonds. E) sugar-phosphate bonds.
14) ______ Approximately 95% of the energy needed to keep a cell alive is
generated by the activity of the: A) mitochondria. B) ribosomes.
C) nucleus. D) endoplasmic reticulum. E) tiny cans of Red Bull.
15) ______ Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that, in the
former (Fac Dif): A) ATP is consumed. B) molecules move against a
concentration gradient. C) carrier proteins are involved. D) A & C.
16) _______ A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of: A) pinocytosis.
B) osmosis. C) exocytosis. D) phagocytosis. E) receptor mediated endocytosis.
17) ______Red blood cells will shrink in a/an: A) isotonic solution.
B) hypertonic solution. C) hypotonic solution. D) cytotonic solution.
18) _____The production of mRNA using DNA as a template is called:
A) translation. B) transcription. C) replication. D) transduction.
19) ______ During protein synthesis, amino acids are carried to ribosomes by:
A) mRNA. B) tRNA. C) rRNA. D) aaRNA. E) cRNA.
20) ______The organelle that contains many digestive enzymes is the: A) ribosome
B) mitochondria. C) lysosome. D) nucleolus. E) Golgi body.
21) ______Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: A) is the site of ATP synthesis.
B) synthesizes proteins. C) is involved in lipid metabolism D) A & B. E) B & C.
22) _____ Rough endoplasmic reticulum: A) is the site of ATP synthesis.
B) synthesizes proteins. C) is involved in lipid metabolism D) A & B. E) B & C.
23) ______The nucleolus is the site of: A) tRNA synthesis. B) protein storage.
C) all the cell’s genes. D) chromosome replication. E) rRNA synthesis.
24) ______ Initiation, elongation and termination are phases of: A) DNA replication.
B) transcription. C) mitosis. D) translation. E) every episode of Elimidate.
25) ______ When a membrane-bound vesicle in the cytoplasm fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents to the outside, this is called: A) diffusion.
B) phagocytosis. C) endocytosis. D) exocytosis. E) pinocytosis.
26) _____ Glucose commonly enters cells by: A) co-transport with sodium B) simple diffusion. C) facilitated diffusion. D) A & B. E) A & C.
27) ______ The movement of a solute against its concentration gradient is a characteristic of:
A) osmosis. B) simple diffusion. C) active transport. D) facilitated diffusion. E) B & D.
28) ______ An anticodon would be found in: A) cRNA. B) mRNA. C) rRNA.
D) tRNA. E) the “Left Behind” novels.
29) ______ Blood, Bile, Black Bile, and Phlegm are the: A) four humors of Chinese medicine. B) four humors of Greek medicine. C) vital fluids first described by Galen. D) Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. E) WWF wrestlers.
30) ______ A base, a sugar and a phosphate are the primary components of a/an:
A) amino acid. B) nucleotide. C) saccharide. D) triglyceride. E) double-play combination of the Anaheim Angels.

Management Of Patients With Hepatic & Billiary Disorders

/in /by

 
PowerPoint Pretension related to the subject with 30 slides ( figures and tables)
Make a PowerPoint presentation discussing:

  • The assessment and management of patients with hepatic & billiary disorders,
  • physiologic overview diagnostic evaluations of hepatic dysfunction and  hepatic disorders ( hepatic A virus, hepatic B virus, hepatic C virus, fulminate hepatic failure, hepatic cirrhosis )
  • Nursing process: the patient with hepatic cirrhosis billiary conditions nursing process: the patients undergoing  surgery for gallbladder diseases.