1. Topic-Congressional Districts:

In the United States Constitution, Article I, Section 2., Clause 3., addresses the question of congressional representation of congressional reapportionment every ten years, requires a census. The Constitution provides for the apportionment of House seats among the states on the basis of their respective populations. The number of House seats per state is based on census results, though each state is guaranteed at least one seat. If a state census report has an average population increase of 700,000, the state is guaranteed an additional House of Representative. [In 1929, a federal law fixed House membership at 435 members. The lines of congressional districts are drawn by the authority of state legislatures.]

Malapportionment: In Wesberry v. Sanders (1964), the Supreme Court held that congressional districts must have equal populations: “one person, one vote.” In 1965 the Nevada legislature failure to apportion the state senate legislative seats led Flora Dungan, a member of the assembly from Las Vegas, to filed suit, and won in a federal court case (Dungan v. Sawyer) because the Nevada state legislature had over-representation in rural counties and under-representation in the populous urban counties. This unequal discrepancy in representation is called malapportionment.  http://www.onlinenevada.org/flora_dungan (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..

Population increase in a state drives congressional reapportionment: The 2000 census report an increase of population of 1,998,257; up from the 1990 census population report of 1,201,833. This population increase called for a special election in 2002 which included on the ballot the new 3rd Congressional district contest. [The 2010 census population reported for Nevada was 2,700,551. The US Census Bureau estimates that the population of Nevada was 2,890,845 on July 1, 2015]

See Nevada’s 3rd Congressional district:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada’s_3rd_congressional_district (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

In 2002 Jon Porter won election as House of Representative in the new 3rd district Congressional race. (That district seat was held by Dina Titus in 2008, and was succeeded by Joe Heck in the 2010 election. Heck is currently running for the open Nevada US Senate seat in 2016.)

Nevada’s 2010 increase in population gave the state another opportunity for Congressional district apportionment. The state’s demographic department estimated Nevada’s total population reached 2,495, 529 in 2006; and the department estimated population of 3, 087,000 by 2010, which is the year of the federal census. This represents 1 percent of the projected population of the United States in 2010 and gave Nevada a fourth member in the U.S. House of Representatives starting in 2012 (This district seat is held by former Nevada state legislator Cresent Hardy).

See Nevada’s 4th Congressional district:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada%27s_4th_congressional_district (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

The Nevada Legislature is responsible for establishing the districts of Nevada’s members of Congress, as well as the districts of the members of the State Board of Education and the Board of Regents of the Nevada System of Higher Education. http://www.onlinenevada.org/representation_and_redistricting_of_the_nevada_legislature (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

See: Nevada’s 4th Congressional District Map:

http://www.leg.state.nv.us/Division/Research/Districts/Reapp/2011/Proposals/Masters/CON-Masters-ST-C_Size-INC.pdf (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

1. Discuss what would happen to states if they did not carry out their centennial census process to add congressional district House seats based on their respective population

Write five to six (5-6) page paper in which you:
(Note: Refer to Chapter 6 Review Question 4 for criterion 1.)
Construct constitutive and operational definitions for any three (3) of the actions and outcome variables listed in the shaded box under Review Question 3 at the end of Chapter 6. (Note: The box includes Program expenditur, Equality of educational opportunity, Energy consumption, etc.)
(Note: Refer to Chapter 6 Review Question 5 for criterion 2.)
2. Identify three (3) policy problems listed in the shaded box under Review Question 4 and determine an appropriate indicator or index that would help determine whether each of the identified problems are being solved through government action. Justify for position on each. (Note: The box includes Work alienation, School dropouts, Poverty, etc.)
(Note: Refer to Chapter 6 Review
Question 13 for criterion 3.)
3. Construct valid rebuttals to the following argument using at least four (4) threats to validity: (B) The greater the cost of an alternative, the less likely it is that the alternative will be pursued. (W)The enforcement of the maximum speed limit of 55 mph increases the costs of exceeding the speed limit. (I) The mileage death rate fell from 4.3 to 3.6 deaths per 100 million miles after the implementation of the 55-mph speed limit. (C) The 55-mph speed limit (National Speed Law of 1973) has been definitely successful in saving lives.
4. Appropriately incorporate at least four (4) quality sources. A quality source can be either grey literature, such as a news article, or scholarly, such as peer reviewed works. In the case of public administration, government websites are appropriate quality resources. Note: Wikipedia, SparkNotes, and similar websites do not qualify as academic resources. Visit the Strayer University Library at
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The course learning outcome associated with this assignment is:
Evaluate policy outcomes using a variety of methods and techniques.