Discussion: Agenda Setting

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· Textbook: Chapter 11

· Lesson

· Minimum of 1 scholarly source (in addition to the textbook)

Initial Post Instructions
Agenda setting can be a difficult task in government. Why? Who do you consider an important agenda setter in government? How does this participant help set the agenda? Give an example of an attempt at agenda setting in government. Was it successful? Why or why not? Consider how factors such as culture, political positions, etc. might impact your own, or the agenda setters’ priorities.

Use evidence (cite sources) to support your response from assigned readings or online lessons, and at least one outside scholarly source

Week 7 Discussion: Agenda Setting

11 unread reply.11 reply.

 

Required Resources Read/review the following resources for this activity:

· Textbook: Chapter 11

· Lesson

· Minimum of 1 scholarly source (in addition to the textbook)

Initial Post Instructions Agenda setting can be a difficult task in government. Why? Who do you consider an important agenda setter in government? How does this participant help set the agenda? Give an example of an attempt at agenda setting in government. Was it successful? Why or why not? Consider how factors such as culture, political positions, etc. might impact your own, or the agenda setters’ priorities.

Use evidence (cite sources) to support your response from assigned readings or online lessons, and at least one outside scholarly source.

Follow-Up Post Instructions Respond to at least two peers or one peer and the instructor. Further the dialogue by providing more information and clarification. Minimum of 1 scholarly source, which can include your textbook or assigned readings or may be from your additional scholarly research

Included in limited war are military actions carried out to gain __________ the enemy.

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Quiz Questions

Quiz

 

Top of Form

 

Question 1 (2 points)

 

 

 

__________ war is a war over control of the entire world order, whereas __________ war is warfare by one state waged to conquer and occupy another.

 

Question 1 options:

 

A)

 

Total; limited

 

B)

 

Limited; civil

 

C)

 

Civil; hegemonic

 

D)

 

Hegemonic; total

 

Question 2 (2 points)

 

 

 

Included in limited war are military actions carried out to gain __________ the enemy.

 

Question 2 options:

 

A)

 

some objective short of the surrender and occupation of

 

B)

 

complete and unambiguous surrender and occupation of

 

C)

 

some influence over

 

D)

 

cultural dominance over

 

Question 3 (2 points)

 

 

 

War between factions within a state trying to create, or prevent, a new government for the entire state or some part of it is __________ war.

 

Question 3 options:

 

A)

 

global

 

B)

 

civil

 

C)

 

general

 

D)

 

systemic

 

Question 4 (2 points)

 

 

 

Warfare without front lines that involves irregular forces is called __________.

 

Question 4 options:

 

A)

 

low-intensity conflict

 

B)

 

a raid

 

C)

 

guerrilla war

 

D)

 

hegemonic war

 

Question 5 (2 points)

 

 

 

The most crucial aspect of __________ is demobilizing and disarming militias.

 

Question 5 options:

 

A)

 

postwar transition

 

B)

 

representing factions

 

C)

 

economic reconstruction

 

D)

 

international organizations

 

Question 6 (2 points)

 

 

 

The purpose of __________ is to help the postwar society to heal by bringing to light what really happened during the war by offering asylum from punishment to the participants.

 

Question 6 options:

 

A)

 

peacekeeping forces

 

B)

 

the United Nations Security Council

 

C)

 

the Human Rights Watch

 

D)

 

truth commissions

 

Question 7 (2 points)

 

 

 

On the individual level of analysis, __________.

 

Question 7 options:

 

A)

 

wars may be the result of rational decisions of national leaders

 

B)

 

wars may be the result of decisions by government bureaucracies

 

C)

 

wars may be the result of how power is distributed between two countries

 

D)

 

the totalitarian nature of communist states makes them prone to using violence

 

Question 8 (2 points)

 

 

 

Which group has been found to be more prone to warfare than contemporary society?

 

Question 8 options:

 

A)

 

interstate actors

 

B)

 

preagricultural hunter-gatherer societies

 

C)

 

East Asian medieval societies

 

D)

 

domestic political leaders

 

Question 9 (2 points)

 

 

 

Which statement is characteristic of guerrilla war?

 

Question 9 options:

 

A)

 

Civilians often expose the guerrillas to opposing forces.

 

B)

 

Civilians are often punished along with guerrilla forces.

 

C)

 

Guerrilla fighters directly confront the enemy army.

 

D)

 

Guerrilla fighters do not control any specific territory.

 

Question 10 (2 points)

 

 

 

Theories of the causes of war at the systemic level of analysis __________.

 

Question 10 options:

 

A)

 

are not as contradictory as at the individual or domestic levels of analysis

 

B)

 

provide a more accurate basis for predicting future wars than any of the other levels of analysis

 

C)

 

predict that war occurs when power is relatively equally distributed and a rising power is threatening to overtake a declining one

 

D)

 

refute the position that today’s military technology is too powerful to use in most conflicts

 

Question 11 (2 points)

 

 

 

“Democratic states are unlikely to go to war with each other.” This statement constitutes an example of a(n) __________ level of analysis of war.

 

Question 11 options:

 

A)

 

domestic

 

B)

 

rational

 

C)

 

individual

 

D)

 

systemic

 

Question 12 (2 points)

 

 

 

The U.S.-led war against Iraq in 1991 is an example of __________ war.

 

Question 12 options:

 

A)

 

total

 

B)

 

hegemonic

 

C)

 

civil

 

D)

 

limited

 

Question 13 (2 points)

 

 

 

Al Qaeda has long hoped to overthrow the monarchy in __________.

 

Question 13 options:

 

A)

 

Afghanistan

 

B)

 

Iraq

 

C)

 

Saudi Arabia

 

D)

 

Yemen

 

Question 14 (2 points)

 

 

 

In the __________ civil war that began in 2011, Kurdish fighters received significant international support in fighting ISIS.

 

Question 14 options:

 

A)

 

Kurdish

 

B)

 

Syrian

 

C)

 

Israeli

 

D)

 

Libyan

 

Question 15 (2 points)

 

 

 

The most important center of the nonviolent Sunni fundamentalist movement, called Salafis, is currently in which country?

 

Question 15 options:

 

A)

 

Afghanistan

 

B)

 

Turkey

 

C)

 

Jordan

 

D)

 

Egypt

 

Question 16 (2 points)

 

 

 

Ethnic groups __________.

 

Question 16 options:

 

A)

 

share ancestral, language, cultural, or religious ties

 

B)

 

all want a state of their own

 

C)

 

all have a state of their own

 

D)

 

resist ethnocentrism to keep tensions low

 

Question 17 (2 points)

 

 

 

Religious conflicts are difficult to resolve because __________.

 

Question 17 options:

 

A)

 

people feel particularly vulnerable about religion

 

B)

 

they involve infidels

 

C)

 

there is something inherent in religion that creates conflict

 

D)

 

religions deal with core values that are held as absolute truth

 

Question 18 (2 points)

 

 

 

Which of the following is true of ideology?

 

Question 18 options:

 

A)

 

It decreases conflicts between states more than it causes conflicts.

 

B)

 

It tends to increase in importance after a revolution, replacing concerns about national interests.

 

C)

 

It has a weaker hold on core values and absolute truth than religions do.

 

D)

 

It causes conflict more frequently than any other factor.

 

Question 19 (2 points)

 

 

 

The value states place on home territory __________.

 

Question 19 options:

 

A)

 

has declined with the development of technology and trade as bases of wealth

 

B)

 

is equivalent to that of colonies

 

C)

 

is far beyond any economic or strategic value it holds

 

D)

 

is low enough that states will often exchange territory for money or other considerations

 

Question 20 (2 points)

 

 

 

A state’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is recognized to extend how far from the coastline?

 

Question 20 options:

 

A)

 

5 miles

 

B)

 

12 miles

 

C)

 

100 miles

 

D)

 

200 miles

 

Question 21 (2 points)

 

 

 

Control of the __________ Islands in the South China Sea is a source of conflict among several countries.

 

Question 21 options:

 

A)

 

Macau

 

B)

 

Malvinas

 

C)

 

Spratly

 

D)

 

East Timor

 

Question 22 (2 points)

 

 

 

Territorial waters traditionally are recognized to extend how far from a state’s coastline?

 

Question 22 options:

 

A)

 

5 miles

 

B)

 

12 miles

 

C)

 

100 miles

 

D)

 

200 miles

 

Question 23 (2 points)

 

 

 

During the Cold War, the superpowers tried to affect the composition of the government in __________ by supporting different sides in a civil war, whereas the Soviet Union actually invaded __________ to change its government.

 

Question 23 options:

 

A)

 

Cambodia; Nicaragua

 

B)

 

Iraq; Afghanistan

 

C)

 

Angola; Czechoslovakia

 

D)

 

Grenada; Iran

 

Question 24 (2 points)

 

 

 

The breakup of multinational states was peaceful in which instance?

 

Question 24 options:

 

A)

 

Yugoslavia

 

B)

 

Kurdistan

 

C)

 

Georgia

 

D)

 

Czechoslovakia

 

Question 25 (2 points)

 

 

 

An example of an action without UN approval was __________.

 

Question 25 options:

 

A)

 

Canada conducting trade with Venezuela

 

B)

 

North Korea shipping nuclear weapons technology to Vietnam

 

C)

 

Syria invading Iraq

 

D)

 

Kosovo declaring independence from Serbia

 

Question 26 (2 points)

 

 

 

A current example of a lingering dispute is __________.

 

Question 26 options:

 

A)

 

the Hungarian-Romanian dispute, heightened by Saami migration

 

B)

 

the Soviet-American conflict, fueled by the proliferation of nuclear weapons

 

C)

 

the Argentine-Chilean dispute, worsened by the expansion of Chilean oil exploration

 

D)

 

the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, fueled by the building of Jewish settlements in the West Bank

 

Question 27 (2 points)

 

 

 

Which statement describes an argument in favor of the position that a new Cold War will emerge between the United States and Russia?

 

Question 27 options:

 

A)

 

The United States is committed to NATO expansion, which Russia considers a threat to its security.

 

B)

 

Strong Russian democracy creates tensions with the United States.

 

C)

 

Russia is committed to containing the United States’ influence in Western Europe.

 

D)

 

Europe is divided in its support of either the United States or Russia.

 

Question 28 (2 points)

 

 

 

Poor peasants in Latin America who benefit substantially, in terms of income, from the drug trade pose a challenge to the United States in its attempts to restrict __________.

 

Question 28 options:

 

A)

 

lateral pressure

 

B)

 

Latin American military forces

 

C)

 

great wealth and power

 

D)

 

the trafficking of cocaine

 

Question 29 (2 points)

 

 

 

Which reason explains why the control of small islands causes serious interstate territorial disputes?

 

Question 29 options:

 

A)

 

They add to the overall size of a country.

 

B)

 

They can provide strategic advantages to the state in control.

 

C)

 

They may contain important oceanic resources.

 

D)

 

They can provide forest rights to the state in control.

 

Question 30 (2 points)

 

 

 

Why is drug trafficking considered an international security issue when other types of smuggling are not?

 

Question 30 options:

 

A)

 

It is illegal trade across international borders.

 

B)

 

It violates states’ legal control of their borders.

 

C)

 

Military forces participate in operations against heavily armed traffickers.

 

D)

 

Conflicts involve states on one side and nonstate actors on the other.

 

Bottom of Form

 

 

 

 

 

Thank you

Political Science

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Instructions

Social Movements are only as important as the person leading them. The person(s) leading a social movement must have charisma and be able to captivate an audience. Political scientists and historians are taught to analyze body language, especially during debates and speeches.

For this assignment, you will watch Dr Martin Luther King’s  I Have a Dream (Links to an external site.)  speech and a  speech by Alicia Garza of the Black Lives Matter movement (Links to an external site.)  and answer questions listed below. Pay special attention to the following aspects in the two speeches.

· Importance of body language while delivering the speech.

· Gestures, cadence and delivery style.

Answer the following 

1. Provide a summary of the two speeches.

2. Compare Dr. King’s leadership, charisma, power and passion to capture his audience to Alicia Garza’s speech. What are the similarities, if any? What are the differences, if any?

3. How does the location of the speeches support their messaging? Dr. King’s speech was held in a church and at the Lincoln Memorial, whereas today we have social networking and more avenues to relay messages. Does messaging make a difference?

4. Describe how the audience in Dr. King’s speeches relate to the Alicia Garza’s audience. Do you see a similarity or differences in the speeches and in the audience?

Paper Requirements (APA format) 

· Length: 2-3 pages of substantive content

· 12 pt font

· Parenthetical in-text citations included and formatted in APA style

· References page (a minimum of 2 outside scholarly sources plus the textbook and/or the weekly lesson for each course outcome) . At least one of the references should be a state constitution.

· Title and introduction pages are present.

 

Rubric

Week 3 – Analyzing Body Language

Week 3 – Analyzing Body Language
Criteria Ratings Pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeLength
15 pts

The assignment is at least 1½- 2 pages long.

 13 pts

The assignment is at least 1½ pages long

 11 pts

Assignment is 1 page in length

 10 pts

Assignment is ½ page in length

 0 pts

No effort

 

 15 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSummary of Speeches
20 pts

Paper begins with a clear and concise summary of both speeches

 17 pts

Paper provides a summary of both speeches, but more detail could be added.

 15 pts

Paper provides a summary of both speeches but is short on specifics

 13 pts

Paper provides a summary of one speech. Second summary and details incomplete

 0 pts

No effort

 

 20 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeLeadership and Charisma: Similarities and differences between Dr. King and Alicia Garcia’s speech
35 pts

Provides a thoughtful and clear description of the ways Dr. King and Alicia Garza capture their audience and make their points

 31 pts

Provides a thoughtful description of the ways Dr. King and Alicia Garza capture audience and make their points to the audience

 27 pts

Provides some description of the ways Dr. King and Alicia Garza capture audience and make their points to the audience

 24 pts

Minimal description of the ways Dr. King and Alicia Garza capture audience and make their points to the audience

 0 pts

No effort

 

 35 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeLocation Impact
30 pts

Clearly discusses the significance of the locations in reinforcing Dr. King’s message and that of Alicia Garza

 26 pts

Discusses the significance of the locations in reinforcing Dr. King’s message and that of Alicia Garza.

 23 pts

Mentions the significance of the locations in reinforcing Dr. King’s message and that of Alicia Garza

 20 pts

Minimal mention of the significance of the locations in reinforcing Dr. King’s message and that of Alicia Garza

 0 pts

No effort

 

 30 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeAudience Reaction: Compare and Contrast
35 pts

Draws clear, explicit connection between the audience reaction and Dr. King’s vocal intonations and body language in comparison/contrast to Alicia Garza.

 31 pts

Draws good connection between the audience reaction and Dr. King’s vocal intonations and body language in comparison/contrast to Alicia Garza.

 27 pts

Some connection between the audience reaction and Dr. King’s vocal intonations and/or body language in comparison/contrast to Alicia Garza.

 24 pts

Minimal connection between the audience reaction and Dr. King’s vocal intonations and/or body language in comparison/contrast to Alicia Garza.

 0 pts

No effort

 

 35 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWriting: Mechanics and Usage
20 pts

The writing is concise, free of errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation.

 17 pts

The writing is free of errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation.

 15 pts

The writing contains some errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation.

 13 pts

The student presents information that is not clear, logical, professional or organized to the point that the reader has difficulty understanding the message

 0 pts

No effort

 

 20 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeCitations
10 pts

The references are provided in accurate APA format.

 8 pts

The references contain 1 error in APA format.

 7 pts

The references contain 2 errors in APA format.

 6 pts

The references contain 3 or more errors in APA format.

 0 pts

No effort

 

 10 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeReferences
10 pts

Contains at least two references, one of which is a state constitution

 8 pts

Contains at least two references, but one of the two is not a state constitution

 7 pts

Contains one reference, which may or may not be a state constitution

 6 pts

References have significant errors, are incorrect, or not related to the content

 0 pts

No effort

 

 10 pts
Total Points: 175

Create Your Ideal State

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Required Resources

Read/review the following resources for this activity:

Textbook: Chapter 15, 16, 17

Magstadt, T. M. (2017). Understanding politics: Ideas, institutions, and issues. Australia: Cengage Learning.

Lesson

Instructions

Your country just overthrew its dictator, and you are the newly elected President. Unfortunately, due to the divisions in the country and the years of war, economic, military, and political structures are non-existent. A group of loyalists to the old dictator have been detonating bombs, murdering civilians, assassinating leaders, and terrorizing towns with help from a neighboring country’s dictator.

Create a comprehensive plan for your new government. While creating this government identify the governing style, functions of various branches of government, principles that govern leaders, the maintaining of public good, which economic structure is most beneficial to your citizens, at least two domestic programs, ways to create national unity, ways to combat terrorism and violence, and international organizations to join. (See rubric for specific ways to meet the requirements of the paper.)

Paper headings:

Introduction (1 paragraph)

Introduce your country

Briefly outline all of the parts of the paper

Domestic Concerns (1-2 pages)

Identify governing style and principles that correlate to this style

Identify the branches of government and its functions

Development of two public good domestic programs and how they will meet the public good

Economic structure and reason why this should be used

Socializing citizens is noted with rationale for how it creates national unity

Foreign Concerns (1-2 pages)

Two international organizations are noted, one for economics and one for security

Descriptions of both organizations

Rationales for joining these organizations

Steps to joining

Two ways your country will combat the neighboring country’s terrorist threat and the domestic threat

Two ways these will be effective

Conclusion (1 paragraph)

Summarize information

Writing Requirements (APA format)

Length: 3-4 pages (not including title page or references page)

1-inch margins

Double spaced

12-point Times New Roman font

Title page

References page (minimum of 2 scholarly sources)

Grading

This activity will be graded based on the essay rubric.

Course Outcomes (CO): 8, 9

Due Date: By 11:59 p.m. MT on Sunday

Rubric

Week 7 Assignment: Essay – Creating Your Ideal State

Week 7 Assignment: Essay – Creating Your Ideal State

Criteria  RatingsPts

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Governing style and principles of the government.

20.0 pts

The governing style is understandable and the principles support the choice of the governing style.

16.0 pts

The governing style is unclear, the principles are unclear, or the governing style and principles do not support each other.

12.0 pts

Missing one part of the governing style and principles.

0.0 pts

Missing both parts of the governing style and principles.

20.0 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Branches of government and its functions.

20.0 pts

Explains each branch of government and the function of the particular branch and how they support the governing style.

16.0 pts

The branches of government and their functions do not match, or the branches are discussed without talking about their functions AND how they support the governing style.

12.0 pts

Only minimally discusses branches, and their functions or the branches do not support the governing style chosen.

0.0 pts

Does not discuss the branches and their functions.

20.0 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Maintaining public good through at least two domestic programs

20.0 pts

Two domestic programs are created clearly explaining how public good is maintained with these programs.

16.0 pts

Two domestic programs are noted, but it’s unclear how they benefis the public good.

12.0 pts

Only one domestic program is noted, or it is unclear how the public good is maintained.

0.0 pts

No domestic program is noted.

20.0 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Economic structure

15.0 pts

The economic structure is named and supports the governing style with a rationale for using the structure.

12.0 pts

The economic structure is named and supports the governing style, but the rationale is unclear.

9.0 pts

The economic structure is named but does not support the governing style, and the rationale is unclear.

0.0 pts

The economic structure is not addressed.

15.0 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Political socializing to create national unity

15.0 pts

There is at least one method the new government will use to socialize citizens to create national unity and rationales for using these methods.

12.0 pts

The method described will create national unity, but rationale is not provided.

9.0 pts

The method described will not create national unity and rationale is not provided.

0.0 pts

No method for national unity is addressed.

15.0 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome International organizations

25.0 pts

At least two different international organizations, one economic and one for security, were identified with brief descriptions of the purposes of these organizations and steps on how to join.

20.0 pts

Only one international organization is noted, obut descriptions and rationale are unclear andit is nclear on the steps to join.

15.0 pts

Only one international organization was noted and no rationales and descriptions were given.

0.0 pts

International organizations were not addressed

25.0 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Combatting terrorism and violence

25.0 pts

Two ways were offered to combat terrorism and violence (one to deal with international threat and one with domestic).Effective rationale for solutions were offered.

20.0 pts

Two ways were offered to combat terrorism and violence (one to deal with international threat and one with domestic). Effective rationale for one or both solutions were not offered.

15.0 pts

Only one way to combat violence and sound rationale on why to use that solution was offered.

0.0 pts

Ways to combat violence is not noted.

25.0 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Scholarly resources

10.0 pts

Uses both the book and, at least, one outside scholarly source.

8.0 pts

Uses only the book or a scholarly source.

6.0 pts

Uses only a scholarly source and the source is not scholarly.

0.0 pts

Does not use the book or scholarly source.

10.0 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome APA

5.0 pts

All sources are properly cited and referenced according to APA standards.

4.0 pts

Sources are either properly cited or referenced, missing one of those elements.

3.0 pts

The citation and/or reference are incorrect.

0.0 pts

No APA format was used.

5.0 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Writing

5.0 pts

Presents information using clear and concise language in an organized manner (minimal errors in English grammar, spelling, syntax, and punctuation).

4.0 pts

Presents information using understandable language but is somewhat disorganized (some errors in English grammar, spelling, syntax, and punctuation).

3.0 pts

Presents information using understandable language but is very disorganized (many errors in English grammar, spelling, syntax, and punctuation).

0.0 pts

Presents information that is not clear, logical, professional or organized to the point that the reader has difficulty understanding the message (numerous errors in English grammar, spelling, syntax, and/or punctuation).

5.0 pts

Chapter 17. International Relations: The Struggle for World Order

Learning Objectives

· 1Define “power politics.”

· 2Explain the ways world politics differs from other politics.

· 3Compare the classical balance of power systems in Europe with the world order that emerged after World War II.

· 4Identify and elucidate the three biggest changes in world politics since the end of the Cold War.

· 5Elaborate on the role of the United States in the New World Order.

· 6Explain the role of international law in world politics and why it is often least enforceable when and where it is most needed.

· 7Describe the historical context that made creation of the United Nations appear to be a good idea, and identify its major structures and functions.

In 416 BCE, Athens sent ships and troops against the island of Melos, a colony of Sparta that had remained neutral and wanted no part of the war between Sparta and Athens.* Negotiating from a position of overwhelming strength, the Athenians insisted on unconditional surrender, telling the Melians, “You know as well as we do that right, as the world goes, is only in question between equals in power—the strong do what they can, and the weak suffer what they must.” The Melians responded, “And how, pray, could it turn out as good for us to serve as for you to rule?” “Because,” the Athenians answered, “you would have the advantage of submitting before suffering the worst, and we should gain by not destroying you.”

Undaunted, the Melians insisted the interest of all would be enhanced by peaceful relations between the two states. The Athenians would have no part of this logic. With ruthless disregard for justice, they reasoned that if the Melians were permitted to remain independent, they and others would take it as a sign of Athenian weakness. “[By] extending our empire,” the Athenians pointed out, “we should gain in security by your subjection; the fact that you are islanders and weaker than others rendering all the more important that you should not succeed in baffling the masters of the sea.” Thus, the cold calculus of power politics doomed the Melian state:

Reinforcements afterwards arriving from Athens in consequence, under the command of Philocrates, son of Demeas, the siege was now pressed vigorously; and some treachery taking place inside, the Melians surrendered at discretion to the Athenians, who put to death all the grown men whom they took, and sold the women and children for slaves, and subsequently sent out five hundred colonists and inhabited the place themselves.

Melos was a real place, and the tragedy depicted in the story really happened. The context was the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BCE), and we know the Melians’ cruel fate because the Greek historian Thucydides wrote about it.

Get Real! Machiavelli and Morgenthau

The greatest political thinker of the Italian Renaissance, Niccolò Machiavelli, taught that the wise ruler must always play to win, for “how we live is so far removed from how we ought to live, that he who abandons what is done for what ought to be done, will rather learn to bring about his own ruin than his preservation.”* Prudent rulers, he argued, recognize what must be done to preserve and enlarge their dominions and do not allow moral qualms to cloud their judgment. Rulers should keep their promises only when it suits their purposes to do so:

A prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and when the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist…. If men were all good, this precept would not