write an article on Distillation Column. It needs to be at least 4250 words.

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Hello, I am looking for someone to write an article on Distillation Column. It needs to be at least 4250 words.

Ammonia needed to be separated from a 22,000 aqueous solution through a sieve-plate distillation column. Tube heat exchangers and shell serve as condenser and reboiler, continuously operating for 350 days annually at 20 atm pressure. The feed goes in as a saturated liquid of 0.28 molarity fraction. The ultimate composition of the products is 0.9985 for the distillate product and 0.05 for the bottom product at a calculated efficiency of 46.91%. The steam had a temperature of 225 and pressure of 626.418 psi. The number of trays was 28 with 0.

6m plate spacing for each. The column height and diameter were 21.07m and 3.95m respectively. A computer program, MATLAB, modeled the column conditions at various reflux ratios so as to find the solution to the Ponchon Savarit method yielding an optimum reflux ratio and Root of 1.02483 and 0.7392 respectively. Calculations of the total operating cost on MS-Excel gave USD 21,113,329.98. The group determined the annual cost and the other parameters on MS-Excel. The reflux number, referring to the number of real plates, and values obtained from MATLAB were used.

Details on additional data and tables will be evaluated in the subsequent sections.A distillation column refers to a process of separation used to separate mixtures based on critical factors in the required process. In a chemical unit of ammonia, the recovery of ammonia from an aqueous solution being supplied at a flow rate, F = 22,000 kg mol/hr requires a fresh sieve-plate distillation column. The continuously running column will operate at a pressure of 20 atm with the feed entering as a saturated liquid, having 0.

28 of the molar fraction. The analogous compositions required are 0.9985 Xd for the distillate and 0.05Xw for the bottom products, the efficiency of the process being 0.4691. The optimum reflux ratio, determined to the minimum, was 1.02483. The heat steam cost would escalate the fixed cost with the utility pressure of steam being dependent on the determination of distillation column annual operating cost. In this report, the consequence of changing parameters and the annual cost will be given.

Compose a 500 words assignment on the history of winter olympic games.

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Compose a 500 words assignment on the history of winter olympic games. Needs to be plagiarism free!

The History of Winter Olympic Games Affiliation: Introduction The winter Olympic Games are the Olympic Games that happen in February during winter and are hosted in only those nations that experience winter in February. The games were officially started in 1924 and have been taking place every four years but in 1992, it started being alternated with the summer Olympic and was therefore held in 1994 instead of 1996. The Olympics games so far have over 15 games ranging from: figure skating, alpine skating, ice hockey, ski jumping, and freestyle skating among many others.

The nations that have participated are over 11 with the US leading in hosting over 4 of the games (Books Llc, 2010). World WarsThe Winter Olympic Games were disrupted by both World War 1 and World War 2. Other than the games being completely canceled because of the war and the plans being suspended, there were strained relations after the war between the nations that had been at war and their allies (Wickenheiser, 2009). The Olympic Games were feared to be held in some nations such as the Soviet Union after the war for fear of reaction of the enemies of the Soviet Union.

The Worlds Wars also led to world depression and hence after the wars, few nations were able to participate in the next winter Olympic Games as the rest lacked expense money. The participants even from the nations that attended were few. Doping and bribing controversiesDoping has been a headache to the organizers of this particular sport as with many other sports. The measures taken since 1967 have been to perform random drug tests on the participants and banning those found with positive results.

The most common doping drugs are the performance enhancers. The other controversy that has rocked these games is the bribing of the planning committee officials with expensive gifts in order for their countries to be selected to host the games. The most controversial and which saw 10 officials sent packing is the 2002 Salt Lake City, USA Olympics (Gerlach, 2004). PoliticsPolitics have always been a silent but present issue in these winter Olympic Games. Most nations still have cold war amongst themselves and they push them in the games.

Some nations use the winter Olympic Games as an opportunity to show off to the nations and those which have been successful in the number of medals use this as a way to express their powers such as the US. The nations that have always had a grudge against each other go to the extent of skipping the winter games when they take place in the enemy country. Even though the politics are silent and not expressed openly, it still affects the sole purpose of the games which is to bring the nations together (Cha, 2013).

ConclusionEven though the Winter Olympic Games has been rocked by controversies and mishaps, the games have been a success so far and the major success was derived from television broadcasting of these games to the whole world. The continual increase of nations participating and the number of participants in the many games has brought people together and increased economic and social cohesion and success amongst these nations (Toohey, 2007). ReferencesBooks Llc. (2010). Winter Olympic Games. New York: General Books LLC.Cha, V. (2013).

Beyond the Final Score: The Politics of Sport in Asia. Columbia: Columbia University Press. Gerlach, L. (2004). The Winter Olympics: From Chamonix to Salt Lake. Utah: The University of Utah Press. Toohey, K. (2007). The Olympic Games: A Social Science Perspective. New York: CABI. Wickenheiser, H. (2009). The Complete Book of the Winter Olympics. California: Greystone Books.

Write a 7 pages paper on aspects of free speech.

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Write a 7 pages paper on aspects of free speech.

Insight on freedom of speech became an issue way in the 6th and 5th century BC among the Athenians democratic. Later on, the Roman republic introduced both freedoms of religion and speech. The strides made at this time mark some of the earliest steps made towards ensuring that there is freedom of expression.In the contemporary world, there have been explicit guidelines on freedom of speech as expressed in various constitutions in the world (Harris, 2009). For instance, in the United States, freedom of expression is not total. the United States Supreme Court has identified several categories of speech.

Hence, they need to be restricted reasonably to the timing, manner, and place when they are used. Some of the major restrictions identified include obscenity, inciting imminent lawless action, child pornography, and regulation of advertisements to ensure that they meet minimum decency standards.Most limitation on free speech is made to balance human rights. They include limiting the use of other people’s words like those of authors in order to maintain their copyright. Further, there are limitations to the use of fighting words on colleagues.

Lastly, people are protected from the use of untruth words that may be used to harm others imposing a limitation on the same. The limitations are not only restricted to speech, but they are also applicable to various acts that may have significance symbolically. Limitations on freedoms of speech have to be observed to ensure that they do not infringe on human rights. At the same time, there is a wide range of implications on freedom of speech by different concepts like federalism, civil rights, and civil liberty in American society.

The freedom of speech has been shaped over time in relation to these conceptsCivil liberties are meant to protect human beings from powerful entities that include, the government, cooperation, and even individuals who are more powerful. The government of the United&nbsp.States ensures that people express themselves freely at the same enjoy the other person’s expression without oppression from other entities that may be more powerful than the individual.&nbsp.

Write 7 pages with APA style on Analysis of Articles about Gallium Arsenide.

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Write 7 pages with APA style on Analysis of Articles about Gallium Arsenide. In the first article, the experiment was ‘Metamorphic Graded Bandgap InGaAs–InGaAlAs–InAlAs Double Heterojunction P-i-I-N Photodiodes.’ The authors of the article are Jae-Hyung Jang, William E. Hoke, Gabriel Cueva, Patrick Fay, P. J. Lemonias, and Ilesanmi Adesida. The experiment involved fabrication of high-speed metamorphic double hetero-junction photodiodes on GaAs substrates for the purpose of long-wave-length fibre optical communications.

According to Jae-Hyung Jang, et al, high speed in InGaAs photodiodes are very important components in extensive bandwidth optical fiber communication. Moreover, these photodiodes have been fabricated on InP subtracts as a result of the web matching of In0.33 Ga0.47 As to Inp. Jae-Hyung Jang, et al denote that Inp substrates have numerous practical shortcomings as compared to GaAs, that have encouraged the development of metamorphic device structure conducted on GaAs substrates.

As per the authors of the article, the growth of excellent InGaAs–InGaAlAs–InAlAs heterostructures on GaAs substrates was made possible by the superiority linearly graded quaternary InGaAlAs metamorphic buffer layer (Jae-Hyung Jang, et al. 1). Photodiodes achieving a small dark current of 500 pA, a 3 dB bandwidth of 38 GHz at 5 V reverse bias for 1.55 m light, and responsivity of 0.6 A/Wwas enabled by the use of a fresh double hetero-structure employing an InGaAlAs ophthalmic impedance matching layer, a large band-gap I-InAlAs drift region, and a chirped InGaAs–InAlAs super-lattice graded band-gap layer (SL-GBL). Moreover, the authors of the article examined the effect of amassed charges at the InGaAs–InAlAs hetero-interface. This examination was carried out through a comparison between photodiodes with chirped InGaAs–InAlAs SL-GBLs and InGaAs–InP unexpected sole heterojunction photodiodes and the dark currents of InGaAs–InAlAs. By including chirped InGaAs–InAlAs SL-GBL between the InAlAs drift layer and InGaAs absorption layer, the authors suppressed the charge build-up effects observed in abrupt hetero-junction devices (Jae-Hyung Jang, et al. 1).&nbsp. &nbsp.