Write a 11 pages paper on credit crunch effects on a decision-making process.

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Write a 11 pages paper on credit crunch effects on a decision-making process. Taking the Asian example, in the years succeeding 1997, both the demand and supply were determined to have been affected by the credit crunch. Demand for credit declined as consumption and investment were sharply reduced due to uncertainty, overcapacity, weakening economic conditions, and the negative wealth effect arising from a fall in asset prices. The borrowers lost creditworthiness, which made banks reluctant to lend, even at higher interest rates. The financial system will also be affected in such a situation, resulting in the decline of supply of credit, which further weakens its demand (Lindgren, 1999, p. 24-25).

According to Jubak (2007), in a credit crunch, lenders stop lending and credit becomes tough to obtain. The credit crunch is a crisis that feeds on fear and uncertainty. A lender can compensate for fear by raising interest rates, tightening credit standards, or writing more protective covenants into the terms of a loan. But if the size of the losses is uncertain enough, lenders cant compensate for the additional risk because lenders don’t know how large that risk might be.

The credit crunch is characterized by extremely depressed liquidity and deteriorated balance sheet positions for households, corporations, and financial institutions. sharply increased interest rates as all sectors scramble for remaining available funds. rising yield differentials as investors sell risky investments and switch to safe assets. a severely depresses stock market. and the inability of many borrowers to obtain funds at any cost (Wolfson, 1994, p. 22). The supply of funds is restricted not only because of the tight monetary policy by reducing bank reserves, but also due to smaller deposit inflows to financial institutions and reduced savings flows (Wolfson, 1994, p. 22).

To study the causes of the credit crunch, Clair and Tucker (1993) focus on the Texas banking industry and the credit crunch phase of seven years starting 1986. The authors studied the factors affecting the supply of loans from banks as they believed banks represented the vitally important source of credit.

This lab has been tested in Oracle 10g express.  You may copy and paste directly from this file. Note that if you need to edit this file, it is better to do so in NOTEPAD (copy & paste it to notepad),  word sometimes puts in characters that Oracle will not recognize it.  Also, note that as you copy & paste the stored procedures and triggers, you may need to copy & paste everything except for the slash and then paste the slash. Your job is to create an audit table in MS-SQL Server.

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Lab # 7 – part 2 – DATABASE AUDITING (lab)

This lab has been tested in Oracle 10g express.  You may copy and paste directly from this file. Note that if you need to edit this file, it is better to do so in NOTEPAD (copy & paste it to notepad),  word sometimes puts in characters that Oracle will not recognize it.  Also, note that as you copy & paste the stored procedures and triggers, you may need to copy & paste everything except for the slash and then paste the slash. Your job is to create an audit table in MS-SQL Server. Then create a trigger that puts data into the table. Then issue the command that will activate the trigger. You can translate some of the triggers in this assignment, copy and paste triggers from the web-site or create your own trigger. Regardless, your deliverable should be: a small text in English explaining what the trigger is doing and why is it useful, the Audit table, the Trigger, the command that execute the trigger.

Part  0 – only if you are doing it on a newly installed version

— Open an SQL window. Create a user & grant the user dba privileges. Example:

CREATE  USER  cit540 IDENTIFIED BY  c;

GRANT  DBA   TO  cit540;  — In SQL Server, you grant all privileges to this user through login/security

— Create another user and grant this user create session privileges. Example:

CREATE  USER   smith  IDENTIFIED  BY  s;

GRANT    CREATE  SESSION   TO  smith;

Part  1 – audit login and logout

— Login as the user CIT540 with dba privileges

CONNECT  cit540/c;

— Create a table to keep track of user login and logoff

CREATE TABLE  login_logoff

(

      USERID ​VARCHAR2(30),

      SESSIONID​NUMBER(8),

      HOST​VARCHAR2(30),

      LOGIN_DAY​DATE,

      LOGIN_TIME            VARCHAR2(10),

      LOGOUT_DAY​DATE,

     LOGOUT_TIME         VARCHAR2(10)

);

/

— Create a trigger that will insert a row in the login_logoff table every time user logs in

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER

     audit_login

AFTER  LOGON  ON  DATABASE

BEGIN

INSERT  INTO  login_logoff  values (

         USER,

         sys_context (‘USERENV’,’SESSIONID’),          

​  sys_context (‘USERENV’,’HOST’),

                          sysdate,

                          to_char(sysdate, ‘hh24:mi:ss’),

                          null,

                          null  );

                 COMMIT;

                 END;          

/

— Create a trigger that will insert data in a row in the login_logoff table every time user logs out

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER

    audit_logoff

BEFORE  LOGOFF ON DATABASE

BEGIN

  UPDATE  login_logoff

  SET

    logout_day = sysdate, logout_time=to_char(sysdate,’hh24:mi:ss’)

WHERE

  sys_context(‘USERENV’,’SESSIONID’)=sessionid;

END;

/

–Do not close your  SQL session. Open another SQL window and login as the user that does — not have dba privilege.

connect  smith/s;

— leave the SQL session

Exit;

— connect as administrator (in this example, cit540

Connect  cit540/c;

— From the user CIT540 session that does have DBA privileges, verify the login

SELECT USERID, SESSIONID, HOST, LOGIN_DAY, LOGIN_TIME FROM LOGIN_LOGOFF;

Display. Your results.  Howe many rows did you see ?

You should see something like (but with CIT540 and Smith) :

Logout and type in:

SELECT  *  FROM  LOGIN_LOGOFF;

—————————————–

Creating Audit table and Audit Trigger

You will copy and paste everything that is in green. Deliverable: Screenshots of query with results.

1) get current date and current user

select  getDate();

select  suser_sname();

2) Create an audit table

CREATE TABLE UpdateProductAudit (date_updated  date,  who  varchar(50));

3) Create a trigger that inserts a row into the AuditProductChanges every time the Products table is updated

create trigger AuditProductChanges on Products

after update

as

begin

insert into dbo.UpdateProductAudit values(getDate(), suser_sname());

end

go

4) udate the Products table

UPDATE Products set quantity = quantity * 1.1;

5) view the update in the audit table

SELECT * from dbo.UdateProductAudit;

6) Do the exercises in the link below. Your professor will discuss the link in class.

https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/4055/create-a-simple-sql-server-trigger-to-build-an-audit-trail/

Submit the screenshots of the results. Create the table inside your own database. Alter each table name and trigger name to have your initials.  Consequently , you also need to order each reference to the table to have your initials also.

7) Go to https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/security/auditing/create-a-server-audit-and-database-audit-specification?view=sql-server-2017

And create a server audit specification (either in SSMS or SQL)

Complete 1 page APA formatted article: Current Market Conditions Competitive Analysis_365.

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Complete 1 page APA formatted article: Current Market Conditions Competitive Analysis_365.

Macro & Micro Economics September 14, Current Marketing Conditions Competitive Analysis_365 Cola Krazy Introduction Coca-Cola sells more than 3,500 beverages, that include diet to regular beverages, fruit drinks, waters, energy drinks worldwide. Cola-Krazy will be a new line ofproduct that will compete not only from the established products of Coca-cola but also from the competitive companies in the market, both domestically and worldwide, and in the process, Cola-Krazy will be exposed to various marketing problems.

A marketing analysis is needed to analyze the profitability of this new product.Factors that affect demand supplyIn introducing the Cola-Krazy, it is important to consider factors that affect demand and supply for beverages that eventually affect the new product. According to the study of econPort there are at least six factors that dictate demand and supply. First is the price that has an inverse relation, that means consumers want to buy more when the price is low, and will buy less when it is high.

Next is the income wherein the effect of buying depends on the income. But this type of reasoning depends on the kind of commodity. For normal goods, as income increases demand also increase, and demand for product decrease as income lessens. Next is Tastes and preferences of consumers. Demand is also affected by consumers taste and preferences, particularly now, that consumers have become health conscious. Another aspect is the consumers’ expectations. When consumer anticipates a price increase, tendency is to stock up, because this is an expectation of what to happen.

A demand for instance, is affected by weather, Consumption increases during hot weather, and decreases in winter.Equilibrium PriceThe dictionary has defined equilibrium price as the quantity of goods buyers are willing to buy and the quantity of goods sellers are willing to sell. The equilibrium price is found in a diagram where supply and demand interacts . P1 and Q1 are the points of equilibrium where supply = demand. At any price above P1, supply exceeds demand price below P1demand exceeds supply.

(tutotr 2u) Definition of the marketTarget market of the new Cola drink is the American consumers, who, according to Huffpost Healthy Living, (05, July, 2012), half of the number of American surveyed, drink soda on a daily basis, with an average of 2.6 glasses. Study of Diechert, Mehga, et. al ( Feb 22, 2006)shows soft drink industry has a market share of 46.8 % that competes with that of non-alcoholic drink Business wire( February 04, 2011) estimates soft drinks’ global market to have a volume of 465.

4 billion liters, which is an increase in the consumption of 16.7% since 2006. Clearly, this is an indication that the soft drink industry is still strong and a profitable industry. Outside U.S., there is an indication that Coca-Cola does not retain sales leadership, so this a big opportunity for the introduction of Cola-Crazy to hit the market. Soda has been the trademark drink of the younger generations and the next to come. It is generally consumed by all kinds of generation, young and old.

People are shown to be drinking soda, even without slight thinking, Lifestyle Lounge says.(Lifestyle Lounge (Side effects of drinking Soda). CompetitionThe soft drink industry is shaped by three rival competitors for market share: Coca-cola holds 50% global market share, PepsiCo at about 21%, and the Cadbury Schweppes, 7%. Other small players are the Colt Corporation and the National Beverage Corporation.(Deichert, Megan et. al. Feb. 22, 2006).References:Research and Markets. In 2014, The Global Soft Drinks Market is forecast to have a Volume of 465.

4 billion liters, an increase of 6.7% since 2009. Business wire. Retrieved 14 September 2012 http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110204005758/en/Research-Markets-2014-Global-Soft-Drinks-Market. Retrieved 14 September 2012Deichert, Meghan, Ellenbecker, Meghan, Klehr, Emily, Pesarchick, Leslie & Ziegler, Kelly. Strategic Management in a Global Context. 22 February 2006. Retrieved 14 September 2012“Side Effects of drinking Soda”. Lifestyle Lounge Retrieved 14 September 2012 http://lifestyle.

iloveindia.com/lounge/side-effects-of-drinking-soda-2866.htmlEconPort. Factors Affecting Demand. Retrieved 14 September 2012http://www.econport.org/content/handbook/Demand/Factors.htmltutotr 2u. The concept of market equilibrium. Retrieved 14 September, 2012 from http://tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/as-markets-equilibrium-price.htmlImagine you are part of a strategic planning group at a large corporation that is considering developing a new proposed product. The marketing director has asked your team to do a competitive market analysis to determine the product’s potential success.

The analysis will focus on your primary competitor in the product’s market. The product I have in mind is a new energy drink that will be called Cola-Krazy from Coca-Cola. PLEASE ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: 1-Factors that affect demand, supply? 2-Equilibrium prices in the market in which the competitor organization operates: 3-Define the market for your chosen product, including an analysis of its competitors, potential customers(I was thinking young people), or potential buyers.

Write 15 pages with APA style on Environmental Reporting.

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Write 15 pages with APA style on Environmental Reporting.

According to Lacy and Coulson (2000, p. 14), environmental journalism entails the presentation of ideas, information, and results regarding the environment. By doing this the journalist aims to inform and educate society on environmental issues (Rademakers 2004, p.2 8). This means that the journalist wields the power to influence society on environmental issues thereby impacting the future significantly. The importance of the environment seems to be an obvious comprehension to all but an assessment of the individual sacrifices and commitments directed to its well-being undermines this assumption (Detjen, et al., 2000, p. 4).

All human beings are connected to the environment both socially and economically and thus an impetus is required to initiate environmental obligation in society. Environmental journalists have the power to initiate this process through objective reporting on issues concerned with the environment (Lacy and Coulson 2000, p. 15). The media has the power to alter people’s thoughts, decisions, and even lifestyles through various tools such as agenda-setting. Considering that everyone has a role to play in improving and sustaining the environment, environmental journalists are mandated to cultivate a global sense of environmental accountability.

Lacy and Coulson (2000, p. 17) suggest that environmental reporting demands an alliance between the journalist and the scientists. This enhances the credibility and validity of environmental news and makes it relevant to the public. Environmental reporting is one of the most important elements in achieving environmental awareness and the inherent practices associated with it (Detjen, et al., 2000, p. 3).Environmental journalism is logically intertwined with the communication of science and risk in context (Rademakers 2004, p. 35). Environmental journalism like all other fields of journalism is mainly involved with information dissemination, and hence it is involved in the gathering and reporting of information related to science and risk in relation to the environment.

This constitutes environmental communication and it reflects traditional features of communication such as criticisms, challenges, and improvements (Detjen, et al., 2000, p. 7).