Write a 3 pages paper on hsp60 and hsp70 and their confusing roles in aging.

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Write a 3 pages paper on hsp60 and hsp70 and their confusing roles in aging.

Based on ideas gleaned from several reputable references, it remains inconclusive whether hsp70 and hsp60 indeed inhibit the aging process.

Hsp70 and hsp60 are molecular chaperones, or “abundant, well-conserved proteins responsible for the maintenance of the conformational homeostasis of cellular proteins and RNAs” and are believed to be usually induced by environmental stress (Soti & Csermely, “Molecular Chaperones” 227). In short, as molecular chaperones are often associated with aging tissues and aging in general, these proteins are especially found in such situations. There is, however, a debate whether their presence in the aging tissue is merely induced or it is this presence that induces aging.

Hsp60 is involved in protein folding and hsp70 has a role in regulating the heat shock response as well as membrane translocation. While hsp60 is found in the mitochondria, hsp70 is found in the eukaryotic cytosol, ER and mitochondria. Both families of proteins actually function for protein translocation and transport as well as folding and assembly (“Molecular Chaperones”). In aging and diseased tissues, high amounts of hsp60 are found in people with atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndromes and angina, while hsp70 is found in those with peripheral as well as renal vascular diseases (Frostegard & Pockley 201-202).

A number of experts and experiments in the field of molecular biology are pointing out that chaperones are the ones that bring about the aging process at the molecular level. Soti and Csermely, in their study entitled “Chaperones and aging: role in neurodegeneration and in other civilizational diseases, underlined the possibility that HSPs “might contribute to the onset of…atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetes and several neurodegenerative diseases” (384). In an actual experimental study in Korea, it was confirmed that the HSPs “might be involved in tumorigenesis” as it did in patients with hepatocellular carcinomas (Lim et al. 2077). This is so because, as proven by rodent experiments, “HSPs are known to be essential for the survival of cancer cells in different cancers” (Lim et al. 2077). Moreover, one particular HSP, hsp90, is believed to “[maintain] the functional quality of proteins involved in the progression of cancer” (Lim et al. 2077). Another HSP, hsp27, is also involved in promoting “accelerated growth and senescence” in bovine endothelial cells (Morrow & Tanguay 209).

These aforementioned statements somehow suggest that HSPs, presumably including all types and hsp60 and hsp70, may actually induce diseases, which may translate as a role in promoting cellular destruction and aging, instead of inhibiting these events. This conclusion, however, does not take into consideration the possibility that hsp70 and hsp60 may have other functions aside from possibly inducing aging and senescence. On the other hand, other findings suggest that HSPs are produced by aged cells only as a form of an “adaptive response” or as a way to “prevent protein aggregation and to assist in refolding, or degradation,” which are actually cellular reactions to the aging process (Soti & Csermely, “Molecular Chaperones” 227).

Studies of stressed cardiac muscle leading to increased production of hsp70 somehow also demonstrate that such an increase is linked to “myocardial protection” (Broome et al. 85). Moreover, it is possible that “HSP could function to slow the rate of aging” particularly for hsp70 because of a reduction of its production in aged rats (Morrow & Tanguay 209). This means that since there is less hsp70 in aging tissue, then aging is taking place at a regular or fast rate, while since there is more hsp70 in young tissue, then aging is taking place at a slower rate.

Still, in another study, “exercise has been shown to induce the release of hsp70 into the peripheral circulation of normal individuals” (Frostegard & Pockley 201). Since exercise is associated with cellular repair and youth, then its subsequent production of hsp70 must also be associated with the same events. Aging is caused by alterations in pH, hypoxia and oxidative stress, and there is a corresponding increase in HSPs in cells, particularly hsp70 (Broome et al. 85).

&nbsp.Although experimental data have established the possibility of such a role, it must nevertheless still be defined. Moreover, current data mostly account for the general function of HSPs as well as the specific functions of hsp70, but very little on hsp60. Hence, until everything has been cleared by further experiment and research, nothing much can be concluded regarding the roles of hsp60 and hsp70 in aging.

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Create a thesis and an outline on E-Commerce of Light in The Box. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required.

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I need help creating a thesis and an outline on E-Commerce of Light in The Box. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required.

As an online store, it is important for customers to always go through the store’s FAQs and other policy issues. This is important in ensuring that customers understand how the store operates in terms of making orders, cancellations, returns, or exchanges.&nbsp. The website has been designing in such a way that it is easier for customers to explore and place orders for the products that they prefer. However, prior to placing orders, it is important for customers to thoroughly review the store’s return policies. The products that this online shopping center deals in include women’s clothing, dresses, electronics, and shoes among other product categories that may interest customers. Online shopping mainly denotes purchasing products or other services via the internet. This type of shopping is now popular across the globe as a result of advancement in the use of ICT, it is considered to be convenient and also attract lower prices. This is more so during the holiday season where shoppers are able to avoid the hectic process of visiting several stores physically or standing in long queues in order to purchase a certain item (.Jifeng, Sulin & Han 2012, p.1131). This paper provides a critical discussion of the business of Lightinthebox.com, an online shopping store.

The current business environment of Lightinthebox.com

This online shopping store mainly sells goods produced in China to other parts of the world. The products that this online store retail is considered to be affordable and targets every hobby or lifestyle by customers across the globe. At the moment, the products that the store retails include home improvement, fashion, beauty products, and electronics among other products that are in high demand globally. Lightinthebox.com provides customers with an easy way of shopping. thus, allowing customers to cut unnecessary costs for purchasing a product in conventional stores. The store has different payment options that provide convenience to customers across the world. This includes the use of credit cards, wire transfers, PayPal, or debit cards to make payments (Panda & Narayan 2013, p.52).

research paper on personal development and ethics: business and reflective evaluation. Needs to be 5 pages.

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Need an research paper on personal development and ethics: business and reflective evaluation. Needs to be 5 pages. Please no plagiarism. Starting a small business is not an easy task, but I believe I have the knowledge and skills required to be a small businessman. In present-day markets, technical knowledge is highly valued. The labor market of humanitarian professions is oversaturated, whereas technical disciplines and professions lack talented and experienced labor force. I believe that I could provide firms working in the technical or engineering fields with consultations and advice. I have sufficient knowledge of technical disciplines to guide businesses through complex projects and challenging tasks. In other words, I would like to have a small consulting business related to my primary specialization. I believe that I could readily succeed in this endeavor.

However, one of the basic questions is what skills, knowledge, and attitudes I would need to become an entrepreneur. Certainly, there is no definite answer to this question. The range of KSAs essential in entrepreneurship may vary, depending on the situation in the business and economic environment. However, generally, I would have to be honest, enthusiastic, motivated, and ambitious, as well as reasonably risky and respectful for every customer. These are the fundamental attitudes needed to become a successful entrepreneur. In terms of entrepreneurial skills, I will definitely need to listen to my customers, be problem-solving, and able to distinguish between more and less important things. I will have to be persuasive and able to make predictions and objective evaluations of other people and problems. I believe that to be a successful entrepreneur, I will also need to have the assertiveness and perfect communication skills. This is how I will establish and maintain productive contacts with customers and partners.

Provide a 10 pages analysis while answering the following question: Origins of Neanderthals. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required.

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Provide a 10 pages analysis while answering the following question: Origins of Neanderthals. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. The origins of the Neanderthals can be traced back to about 250 years ago when the discovery of a born resembling that of a long-dead bear was made in Germany. However, a closer look at the born later suggested that they were not those of a bear as earlier thought. This is because the bones resembled those of human beings despite being excessively thick and oddly shaped. During the discovery, fifteen pieces of the skeleton and a skullcap were found at the site. The skullcap was found to be that which usually covers the human brain. Because of the strangeness of the remains, it became necessary to conduct a thorough examination on it leading to the fossil being handed over to Herrmann Schaafhausen, a local anatomist to do more research (Stefoff 11).

Upon examination, Schaafhausen noticed that the fossils were human but only differed from those of the modern human being slight. He concluded that the remains might have originated from the wild races, which lived in northwestern Europe documented by scholars. The place was called the Neander valley. However, Rudolf Virchow, a German anatomist also examined the remains and concluded that the peculiar thick, curved bone of the Neanderthal skeleton might have been caused by rickets. He went on to suggest that the peculiar structure of the skull might have been a result of blows to the head and arthritis. Upon thorough examination of the bones, Virchow disagreed with the earlier conclusions that the remains originated from the earlier primitive tribesmen. On his part, he concluded that the bones belonged to the unfortunate individuals who lived in the past (Stefoff 11).

The conclusion made by Virchow did not attract a lot of attention until 1864, when William King, an Irish geologist published a new opinion regarding the Neanderthal fossil. It is in this publication that King officially declared that the remains were indeed human. However, he revealed that the fossils originated from a different species of human beings slightly different from modern human beings.