Essay2 Psygology

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OBJECTIVE

To successfully complete this course, you must write a

research essay based on information found in your textbook

Psychology and 􀀀our Life by Robert S. Feldman and three

outside sources. You’ll choose one of the three topics below

and write an essay of 6 complete paragraphs for or against

the question being asked. After presenting both sides of the

debate, you’ll make three claims to support your thesis and

convince the reader why their opinion is correct.

Topics

1. Media Violence: Does media violence cause

violent behavior?

2. Eye Witness Testimony: Is eye witness testimony

reliable in the court of law?

3. The Opioid Epidemic: Are doctors who over-prescribe

narcotic pain medication causing the opioid epidemic?

Note: You’re only to select one topic for your paper.

Process

Your essay must include:

1. A title page

2. Introduction paragraph and thesis statement

3. Topic background paragraph that presents

both sides of the debate

4. Body consisting of three claim paragraphs

and supporting evidence

5. Conclusion paragraph

6. APA style reference page

The Title Page

The first page of your essay will be the title page. Provide the

following information:

n The title of your research essay

n Your name and student ID

n SSC130: Essentials of Psychology

n Exam number

n Penn Foster College

n Current date

 

Formatting

Format your essay following APA style using 12pt. Times

New Roman font. Set your paragraph line spacing to 2.0

double-spacing. Use 1 inch margins. Include a header with a

shortened title in ALL CAPS on the left and the page number

on the right. In-text citations and reference page must be in

American Psychological Association (APA) style. Refer to this

website for help:

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/664/01/

Remember that grammar counts! Be sure to re-read, revise

and proof-read your essay for polished English grammar,

spelling, capitalization, spacing, and mechanics.

OBJECTIVE

 

To successfully complete this course, you must write a

 

research essay based on information found in your textbook

 

Psychology and

?

our Life

by Robert S. Feldman and

three

 

outside sources.

You’ll choose one of the three topics below

 

and write an essay of

6 complete paragraphs

for or against

 

the question being asked. After presenting both sides of the

 

debate, you’ll make three claims to support your thesis and

 

convince the reader why their opinion is correct.

 

Topics

 

1. Media Violence:

Does media violence cause

 

violent behavior?

 

2. Eye Witness Testimony: Is eye witness testimony

 

reliable in the court of law?

 

3. The Opioid Epidemic: Are doctors who over

–

prescribe

 

narcotic pain medication causing the opioid epidemic?

 

Note:

You’re only to s

elect one topic for your paper.

 

Process

 

Your essay must include:

 

1. A title page

 

2. Introduction paragraph and thesis statement

 

3. Topic background paragraph that presents

 

both sides of the debate

 

4. Body consisting of three claim paragraphs

 

and supporting

 

evidence

 

5. Conclusion paragraph

 

6. APA style reference page

 

The Title Page

 

The first page of your essay will be the title page. Provide the

 

following information:

 

n

The title of your research essay

 

n

Your name and student ID

 

n

SSC130: Essentials of

Psychology

 

n

Exam number

 

n

Penn Foster College

 

n

Current date

 

 

Formatting

 

Format your essay following APA style using 12pt. Times

 

New Roman font. Set your paragraph line spacing to 2.0

 

double

–

spacing. Use 1 inch margins. Include a header with a

 

shortened

title in ALL CAPS on the left and the page number

 

on the right. In

–

text citations and reference page must be in

 

OBJECTIVE

To successfully complete this course, you must write a

research essay based on information found in your textbook

Psychology and ?our Life by Robert S. Feldman and three

outside sources. You’ll choose one of the three topics below

and write an essay of 6 complete paragraphs for or against

the question being asked. After presenting both sides of the

debate, you’ll make three claims to support your thesis and

convince the reader why their opinion is correct.

Topics

1. Media Violence: Does media violence cause

violent behavior?

2. Eye Witness Testimony: Is eye witness testimony

reliable in the court of law?

3. The Opioid Epidemic: Are doctors who over-prescribe

narcotic pain medication causing the opioid epidemic?

Note: You’re only to select one topic for your paper.

Process

Your essay must include:

1. A title page

2. Introduction paragraph and thesis statement

3. Topic background paragraph that presents

both sides of the debate

4. Body consisting of three claim paragraphs

and supporting evidence

5. Conclusion paragraph

6. APA style reference page

The Title Page

The first page of your essay will be the title page. Provide the

following information:

n The title of your research essay

n Your name and student ID

n SSC130: Essentials of Psychology

n Exam number

n Penn Foster College

n Current date

 

Formatting

Format your essay following APA style using 12pt. Times

New Roman font. Set your paragraph line spacing to 2.0

double-spacing. Use 1 inch margins. Include a header with a

shortened title in ALL CAPS on the left and the page number

on the right. In-text citations and reference page must be in

Case Study Analysis: Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood

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Case Study Analysis: Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood

For this assignment, you will complete an analysis of a case study that deals with one of the following stages of lifespan development: adolescence or emerging adulthood.

Select one of the following case studies from your Broderick and Blewitt textbook to complete an analysis of the developmental and contextual issues related to the selected case:

  • Dean, page 365.
  • Angela, page 436.

Each of the case studies includes a set of questions that can guide your analysis of the pertinent issues for the particular case.

Expectations

Address the following in your case study analysis:

  • Analyze lifespan development theories to determine the most appropriate theory or theories to apply to the case study.
  • Apply the appropriate lifespan development theory to support an identified intervention process.
  • Describe the potential impact of individual and cultural differences on development for the current age and context described in the case study.
  • Write in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and consistent with expectations for graduate-level composition and expression.

Content

The case study analysis should be a maximum of 5 pages in length, including the introduction and conclusion, each of which should be approximately one half-page in length. The body of the paper should not exceed 4 pages.

Provide the following content in your paper:

  • An introduction that includes an overview of the paper contents, including a brief summary and background information regarding the case study.
  • The body of the case study, including:
    • The presenting challenge or challenges and primary issue or issues.
    • The appropriate lifespan development theory and research-based alternatives that explain the presenting challenges.
    • The potential impact of individual and cultural differences on development for the current age and context described in the case study.
    • Evidence-based support from lifespan development theory and current scholarly research to support appropriate interventions.
  • A conclusion that summarizes what was introduced in the body of the paper, with respect to the case study context, challenges, and interventions.

Requirements

Submit a professional document, in APA style, that includes the following required elements identified with headings and subheadings:

  • Title page.
  • Introduction (half page).
  • Case study analysis (4 pages).
  • Conclusion (half page).
  • Reference page: Include a minimum of 5 scholarly resources from current peer-reviewed journals as references, in addition to referencing the textbook in which the case study is embedded.
  • Font: Times New Roman, 12 point.

CASE STUDY (DEAN)

Dean is a White 16-year-old. He is a sophomore at George Washington Carver High School. He lives with his father and his stepmother in a semirural community in the South. His father and mother divorced when Dean was 8 years old, and both parents remarried shortly after the breakup. Dean’s mother moved to another state, and, although she calls him from time to time, the two have little contact. Dean gets along well with his father and stepmother. He is also a good “older brother” to his 5-year-old stepbrother, Jesse.

Dean’s father owns and operates an auto-repair shop in town. His wife works part time, managing the accounts for the business. She is also an active contributor to many community projects in her neighborhood. She regularly works as a parent volunteer in the elementary school library and is a member of her church’s executive council. Both parents try hard to make a good life for their children.

Dean has always been a somewhat lackluster student. His grades fell precipitously during third grade, when his parents divorced. However, things stabilized for Dean over the next few years, and he has been able to maintain a C average. Neither Dean nor his father take his less-than-stellar grades too seriously. In middle school, his father encouraged him to try out for football. He played for a few seasons but dropped out in high school. Dean has a few close friends who like him for his easygoing nature and his sense of humor. Dean’s father has told him many times that he can work in the family business after graduation. At his father’s urging, Dean is pursuing a course of study in automobile repair at the regional vo-tech school.

Now in his sophomore year, Dean’s circle of friends includes mostly other vo-tech students. He doesn’t see many of his former friends, who are taking college preparatory courses. Kids in his class are beginning to drive, enabling them to go to places on weekends that had formerly been off-limits. He knows many kids who are having sex and drinking at parties. He has been friendly with several girls over the years, but these relationships have been casual and platonic. Dean wishes he would meet someone with whom he could talk about his feelings and share his thoughts.

Although he is already quite accustomed to the lewd conversations and sexual jokes that circulate around the locker room, he participates only halfheartedly in the banter. He has listened for years to friends who brag about their sexual exploits. He wonders with increasing frequency why he is not attracted to the same things that seem so important to his friends. The thought that he might be gay has crossed his mind, largely because of the scathing comments made by his peers about boys who show no interest in girls. This terrifies him, and he usually manages to distract himself by reasoning that he will develop sexual feeling “when the right girl comes along.”

As time passes, however, he becomes more and more morose. His attention is diverted even more from his classwork. He finds it more difficult to be around the kids at school. Dean starts to drink heavily and is arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol. He is sentenced to a 6-week drug education program and is assigned community service. His parents are disappointed in him because of this incident, but they believe he has learned his lesson and will not repeat his mistake. Dean’s father believes that his son will be fine as soon as he finds a girlfriend to “turn him around.”

Discussion Questions

1.

What are the issues facing Dean at this point in his development?

2.

Enumerate the risks and the protective factors that are present in his life.

3.

How would you, as his counselor, assess Dean’s situation? What approaches could you take with this adolescent? What kinds of psycho-educational interventions might you consider within the school setting?

(Broderick 365-366)

Broderick, Patricia C., Pamela Blewitt. Life Span, The: Human Development for Helping Professionals, 4th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions, 01/2014. VitalBook file.

Counseling

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INSTRUCTIONS – Theoretical Application

1. Goals you will work on with Rona (make sure the goals align with the psychoanalytic therapeutic approach).

2. Interventions and techniques you will use with Rona, based on psychoanalytic established goals. Be very specific. Assume that you will have up to three sessions with her.

3. Cultural considerations you will keep in mind while using the psychoanalytic approach with Rona.

4. Strengths and limitations of using the psychoanalytic theory with Rona.

CASE STUDY – THE CASE OF RONA

Presenting Information: Rona is a 45-year old woman with no health problems. She is seeking counseling due to feelings of despondency, guilt, and despair.

Rona was previously married to Max and is in contact with her former husband of 10 years, who, like Rona, helps to support their daughter, Leisha, and their young grandson. Recently, Rona’s aging mother fell and broke her hip and came to live with Rona after being released from rehabilitation therapy. Leisha, who recently lost her job, is talking about bringing her son and a coming to live with Rona.

Rona feels overwhelmed with the demands on her time and energy. She states that she loves her mother, her daughter, and her grandchild, but feels “pulled in too many directions.” She states that after her divorce, and after Leisha left home, she had gone back to school to complete an associate’s degree. After adjusting to living alone, she found that she had enjoyed challenging herself to reach for new goals.

Social History: Rona grew up in a rural environment; her parents worked in jobs that supported a rural economy. Rona states that she “did not fit in” and moved to the nearby city as soon as she graduated from high school. She became pregnant with Leisha shortly after meeting Max, and states that she “kept to herself” because of her negative social experiences while growing up and the demands of working and raising her daughter. Recently, however, she has met someone and has enjoyed going out and exploring a new relationship.

Occupational and Educational History: Rona found work as a home health aide when she left home and moved to the city, and she discovered that she excelled in that role. Recently, she entered a program at her local community college to become a certified Medical Assistant, a goal that excited her and gave her hope for a better life in her middle-adult years. Her current feelings of distress are rising because she anticipates having to give up on her dream. For the Unit 4 Assignment, imagine that you are beginning your second session with Rona, and you are ready to work on assisting her in changing her life, from the psychoanalytic therapy approach.

Analyze one of your habits

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Introduction

I will analyze the development and influence of one of my bad habits. I will use the behavioral personality theory to explain why I have this habit as well as describe components of social/cognitive theory to explain why the habit formed. I will also develop a plan that applies operant conditioning to change this habit. Lastly, I will choose between the behavioral and social/cognitive theories to define which best explains my personality.

Learning about the how the behavioral personality theory works so that one is able to explain how a bad habit can affect one’s personality and what contributes to that habit. Along with learning how the habit was formed with the social-cognitive theory and using an operant conditioning to help change this habit is very important.

1

Analyze one of your habits

Bad Habit:

Smoking Cigarettes

According to Albert Banduras, theory encompasses the cultural context of personality, which includes role models and the assumptions and values of society (Cloninger, 2013). My parents were my “role model.” They both were smokers from as early as I can remember. Because they were such avid smokers, I began to enjoy the smell of cigarette smoke. As I got older, my friends would smoke cigarettes and I would enjoy the smell, until I was offered a drag from a friend’s Camel. At that point, I then became hooked. I just wanted to experience what it was like to actually smoke a cigarette. After that first time I did not try it again for a few years.

2

Habit Development

How did you develop this habit?

Enjoyed the smell of cigarette smoke

Peer pressure

Family and friends smoked

Statistics show that children of long time smokers are 10 times more likely to become smokers themselves. I began to enjoy being in the same environment or atmosphere as my parents and other smokers, just to be able to inhale the second hand smoke. The taste of my parents cigarettes when I would lite my parent’s cigarette would leave me wondering if actually smoking the cigarette was any better than just lighting it. However, the commercials on television against the tobacco companies and pictures of smokers’ lungs kept me only wondering and also kept me begging and pleading with my parents to quit smoking (Doyle, 2014).

3

Influences of the Habit

Were there role models for this habit?

Both of my parents

 

Who influenced you to adopt this habit?

Both of my parents

 

The influences of my habit was both of my parents. Watching them light up a cigarette and smelling the cigarette smoke got me intrigued with them, along with being able to light them up for the once and awhile. Both of my parents smoked ever since I was little and didn’t quit until I was in high school. When I asked them why they smoked they would always tell me that it helped them to relax. So when I was a teenager that was the first time that I tried smoking and I liked it.

4

Continuing the Habit

Why do you continue this habit?

It helps calm my nerves

 

Has there been a time when you attempted to break this habit?

Three

 

After about four years of smoking and trying to quit I found myself being pregnant so I had to stop smoking for my baby’s health and my own health. I am still a smoker and continue to smoke. The second time that I quit smoking was when I found out that I was pregnant with my second child, and then I quit the third time when I was pregnant with my third child. I recognize that I tend to always light up after I have eaten something, if I am bored, and when I am driving a long distance.

5

Behavioral Personality Theory to Smoking Cigarettes

Commercials and advertisements made smoking look attractive

Smoking cigarettes is cool

Cool kids smoke cigs

Celebrities endorsed cigarettes were great to smoke

I have this habit because of my environmental factors from my parents. I am 37 years old now, and I have been smoking cigarettes since I was 15 years old off and on. When I was a child I seen commercials that showed celebrities smoking cigarettes and too me it made them look cool.

Behavioral theories suggest that personality is a result of interaction between the individual and the environment (Cherry, 2017).

6

Social-Cognitive Theory

Explanations for continuing or maintaining the habit of smoking cigarettes

 

Influences and interactions of thoughts, environment, and behavior

 

Social-cognitive theory explains how the habit was formed. This theory analyzes the thoughts and what drives the smoker to the behaviors to smoke, and what the smoker has observed or learned from other and their environment (MDQuit, 2011). For instance, while in a bar or nightclub, I’ve seen other individuals with a drink in one hand and a cigarette in the other. Although, I may have had my last cigarette for the day or I just don’t have any cigarettes on me, it is very common in this environment for a cigarette and an alcoholic beverage to go hand-in-hand; and my craving for a cigarette would more than likely increase due to my observations of others smoking and the smell of the cigarette smoke in the air triggering thoughts of needing a cigarette.

7

Operant Conditioning Plan

Changing one’s behavior due to the consequences of the behavior

Using reinforcements, or rewards and punishment effectively

If I was to try to stop smoking, my operant conditioning plan would be to create a support system to encourage my cessation attempt with positive reinforcement or punish me for backsliding, ie: each week without a cigarette I could be rewarded with something I like; new items, monetary rewards, etc. and every week I fail to not have a cigarette I’d have to give up a set substantial amount of money for my bad behavior. I could use this operant conditioning in a support system setting or, if I have the willpower, alone; where I could reward or punish myself.

8

Explain Your Personality

I believe my personality is a mix of both social-cognitive and behavioral theories . Growing up, I would plead with my parents to stop smoking but also wondered why they smoked. Therefore, I began smoking when I was legal to partake in the habit. However, after enjoying a cigarette after spending money, or eating a meal, or while having a drink, even when dealing with a stressful situation and realizing or rationalizing that smoking calms my nerves and helps my food digest. I’d say that my personality leans more towards the social-cognitive theory.

My personality is a mix of both social-cognitive and behavioral theories. Both of my parents played a factor into my personality and my also to my bad habit. Between them and my environment it has played a role in my bad habit continuing for as long as it has.

9

Conclusion

Both behavioral and social-cognitive theories can play a role in what drives one to smoke

Peer pressure

Addiction

Environmental influences

 

Habits can be broken.

Most times, one becomes a smoker through behavioral personality. The social-cognitive explains the thoughts and learned behavior behind why an individual is a smoker. And because smoking is a learned behavior, one can take various steps to change their smoking behavior.

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