Gilgamesh and Sundiata: true kings.

Abdullah Yesuf

Hum 201.011

Prof Mekler

April 1, 2019

Gilgamesh and Sundiata: True kings

In the epics of Gilgamesh and Sundiata, there are two main characters of the same title. These characters are born in different parts of the world, have different upbringings, undertake different trials, cultivate different friends and listen to different advisors. Despite all these differences, both these characters have one thing in common; They are great kings. This is because both of them have three attributes that separate them from normal human beings and elevate them to legendary status. These attributes are, Strength, Wisdom/Cunning and the love and admiration of their subjects.

Both Gilgamesh and Sundiata possess incredible strength which enable them to perform incredible feats that elevate them in the eyes of their subjects and peers. Gilgamesh is described as a glorious man with perfect beauty and terrifying strength. “ Adad the god of the storm endowed him with courage, the great gods made hid beauty perfect, surpassing all others, terrifying like a great wild bull”(1). Some of the feats that performs that propel him into legendary status include killing Humbaba, the watchman of the forest; Humbaba was said to be armed with sevenfold terrors and equipped with jaws of death, but Gilgamesh is still able to overcome him. He is also able to kill the Bull of Heaven and travel through the mountain guarded by the man-scorpion and his mate. Sundiata is also just as strong as Gilgamesh in his own right. When he was just ten years of age he was able to lift a baobab tree and transport it to his mother, at eighteen he became the military leader of the kingdom of Mema and was already popular for his actions on the battlefield. He also uses his incredible strength to defeat Soumaoro kante, a very strong king. This strength enables Sundiata to be able to control Mali and neighboring lands.

Both kings also possess unnatural wisdom, which is evidenced in the way they handled their affairs. Gilgamesh shows wisdom when he is approached by Ishtar, the Goddess of Love. He acknowledges her beauty but refuses to be swayed by her advances because he understood that she brought disaster to all her lovers. This decision probably saves him from inevitable ruin. Gilgamesh’s wisdom helps him to rule his kingdom fairly and helps him bring an era of advancement and peace for his people. Sundiata also possess incredible wisdom, he is described as having great lucidity of mind (120) and this is evidenced by the countless tactics he employed during his numerous battles especially in his quest to retake his homeland. Sundiata’s exceptional wisdom helps just as much as his awesome strength in the course of his life

Most importantly both kings enjoy the love and admiration of the people. Gilgamesh is loved and adored by his people despite his early transgressions. “Gilgamesh sounds the tocsin for his amusement, his arrogance knows no bounds by day or night. No son is left with is father, for Gilgamesh takes them all; and is this the king, the shepherd to his people?” (1). This is evidenced by the reaction of his people to his death. “ For Gilgamesh, son of Ninsun, they weighed out their offerings; his dear wife, his son, his concubine, his musicians, his jester, and all his household; his servants, his stewards, all who lived in the palace weighed out their offerings for Gilgamesh the son of Ninsun, the heart of Uruk” (28). Sundiata on the other hand is loved because of his kind heart and his sense of justice, he is also greatly admired and respected because of his aura of authority which was within him since childhood. Sundiata is described as a king who is “feared because he has power, but knows how to wield it and is loved because he loved justice” (142).

These attributes explained above illustrate why Gilgamesh and Sundiata are Great kings. Despite having some flaws and a few moments of bad judgement: during the time of their rule there was peace and prosperity in their respective lands and their subjects also felt safe.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Works Cited

The Epic of Gilgamesh. English Version by N. k. Sandars Penguin Classics ISBN 0 140 044.100X pp. 61-125.

Niane, D.T. “An epic of old mali.”. Humanities in ancient and pre modern world Edited by Wendell Jackson, et al. Pearson, 1999, pp 103-48

Analyzing Argument (ENG 112)

Read “The Fashion Punk Paradox” and answer the following questions:

 

1. How is Hyde’s notion of punk fundamentally opposed to mainstream messages about punk? Why is that difference important?

 

2. Allusions are a key part of Hyde’s argument. Choose one cultural allusion, and explain how it functions in the overall line of reasoning.

 

3. What values lurk beneath the explicit claims about original punk culture? (In other words, what principles or qualities must a reader value to accept Hyde’s argument?)

 

4. Describe Hyde’s use of counterargument. Point to a particular passage and explain how it works as counterargument-and how it helps to develop Hyde’s overall point.

 

5. Take a close look at Hyde’s Works Cited list. Based on this list and Hyde’s use of song lyrics, how would you define “authority” in academic argument?

 

 

Csm: Revise

Essay Last Name 1

 

[name of student]

[name of instructor]

Course

Section

Date

 

OUR TIME

Introduction

The concept of what Wideman presents in the section, ‘Our Time’, provides a solid platform, towards, the different life choices, that one is compelled to take, in accordance to the different phases of life or the different hurdles that he faces. Furthermore, the aspect of why a certain choice or plan was implemented upon is what makes the story of life quite beguiling in the eyes of the society and the hardships become a step towards, the accomplishments that are to come in one’s in the near future. The entire perception of how Robby’s life took a turn from being a robber and an alleged murderer, he finds the sense of spiritual accomplishment more appealing once he is in prison, the fact of being the most incompetent amongst all the cousins, takes a toll on him, as he feels that he is the most unsuccessful, one out of the rest. Having his other brother with a happy family and a successful career brings about a lot of torture and stress for him. Since, Robby channeled all the negative energy that he had on his part, his belief system totally focused on how he could achieve the sense of success and become successful the easy way. Hence, he opts to get the respective financial sustainability which can be achieved in the most easiest manner and falls under the bad influence of rebellion and crime where he works as a drug dealer initially, and later is imprisoned for felony of murder.

Thesis statement: Of all reasons that John, Robby and Mrs. Wideman bring forward to explain Robby’s decline into crime, which set of causes emerge as most important and why?

Body

The entire repercussions that Robby faces, bring forward, the formidable causes that were the root for the personality that he became. One being the fact that he was ridiculed throughout his life. “ I listen to my brother Robby. He unravels my voice.” (Page 775). The personality one possesses is the amalgamation of the experiences and the different aspects of life that they face. That being said, a person’s life is a product of different ups and downs, a major cause of why Robby chose a life of crime was due to the different mishaps and the potent bullying that he faced in school. “People said, Here comes another Wideman. He’s gon be a good student like his brothers and sister. That’s the way it was supposed to me.” (Page 774). This also explains how expectations and general norms of the society can thus contribute towards the stress of individuals and indulge them in self-doubt. Along with the animosity that was eventually growing within him, but other than that, there was the fact, that Mrs. Wideman, mother of Robby and John, had made him spoilt as well. This can be complied with the rationale that his mother was grieving already and she may have acquired the easier path that lead to the opposite of choosing to discipline her child. One more reason that comes to the mind of the reader is that, the most probable chance of the change in Robby’s attitude towards crime, was due to the element of shame and regret.

It is to be put into understanding that ‘Our time’ reflects on the aspect of how Robby, brings about a change in his life, after he is imprisoned in jail, without the choice of bail or parole. The situation that he was in now depicts the change in his behavior and the problem that he now faces being a black. The bullying that he had faced priory, becomes an issue as now he is faced with inferiority complex and finds himself incapable of doing anything, and feels as if he is not the right person to do the right thing. Once imprisoned, he also steers clear of this dilemma, as the inferiority soon fades away and he finds that it was his own, self-esteem hidden within his lowered pride that had him face this inferiority complex to begin with. In light of the previously set context, it can be said that, the designated decisions that were took by the three characters, namely Robby, his brother John and their mother Mrs. Wideman, were due to the situation provided to them. “The biggest thing they were worried about was me…I could tell they were scared.” (Page 773) This means that basically, the making of a solitary man is not the one, forced upon him, rather, it is the one, that he or she faces, with the different experiences, that they are compelled to face.

Ever wrong doing is done right, at one time, the inner calling of righteousness is what brings about a change in the mind and belief system of one’s personality. “I’d think, Go on and love those square turkeys, but one day I’ll be the one coming back with a suitcase full of money and a Cadillac …. The worst thing I did, the thing I feel most guilty behind is stealing Mom’s life. Can’t nothing change that? I can’t give back what’s gone. (Page 777). What is compelling is that the character had adopted the negative traits, virtues of jealousy, unequal play and achievements that were driven or rooted through negative principles. This implies that from a very young age, he was taught little between the differentiation of ethics and morality, which is why his mind took time to adapt to the environmental forces around him. Same is the case with Robby, once he sees how well off his brother is doing, and the fact, of his torrid past, where one of his partners accidently killed a criminal, his view regarding what he was doing with his life became more clear, the humane aspect of what he wished to be and what he had become, brought within him a sense of shame and regret, and henceforth, he decided, to focus on becoming a person, more close to his, moral values and ethics. The aspect of how he had led down his family, more importantly, his mother, and the love that she had given him all his life, made him feel devalued and regretful towards his own decisions. The most strong aspect that is to be seen here, is the fact that, Robby’s perceptive guilt was short-lived, as the desire, to prove the people wrong, and despite being forgiven by his mother, he feels that he should opt for a plan to be successful in terms of finding means to earn the easy way again. His desire to be much like his brother overpowered all the rationality out of him. Causes such as a defective personality, jealousy, animosity and rebellious attitude, were the major reasons, for which he had to pay the price and somehow, he learnt to live with those aspects. “Having a little bit of taste behind me I couldn’t wait to get to Homewood. In a way, I got mad with Mommy and the rest of them.” (Page 774).

Conclusion

The essence of dignity and abandonment of his own value system had propelled within him no sense of humanity, rather, he started to work, for himself, more selfishly, and fell into the consensus of how he could, stay in the system and work for the cause of purchase of drugs, by being in the system. It is imperative to denote that the life of the central character has not been affected by just one factor, but there are several interconnected domains that have shaped the personality and behavior of the character overall. Instead of fighting for the rights of his people and the Black community, he became a victim of inferiority and fought for his own selfish needs, that too, through illegal terms rather than, opting for legal approaches. Robby matures with the time he spends in prison and the meetings he has with his brother, which allow him to feel a sense of family enlightens within his mind and so the element of ‘rebirth of humanity’; “A brother behind bars, my own flesh and blood, raised in the same house by the same mother and father; a brother confined in prison has to be a mistake, a malfunctioning of the system.” (Walker, 2013). The main dilemma is the cultural factors that are external and outside of the internal dynamics of a family. These include racism, being labeled and how the self doubting image of an individual could lead to much larger consequences.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

REFERENCES Walker, J. E. (2013). Othering, Mirroring, and Identity in John Edgar Wideman’s Brothers and Keepers. MSL Academic Endeveours, 1-42. “Having a little bit of taste behind me I couldn’t wait to get to Homewood. In a way, I got mad with Mommy and the rest of them.” (Page 774) “I’d think, Go on and love those square turkeys, but one day I’ll be the one coming back with a suitcase full of money and a Cadillac …. The worst thing I did, the thing I feel most guilty behind is stealing Mom’s life. Can’t nothing change that? I can’t give back what’s gone. (Page 777). “People said, Here comes another Wideman. He’s gone be a good student like his brothers and sister. That’s the way it was supposed to me.” (Page 774). “ I listen to my brother Robby. He unravels my voice.” (Page 775). . “The biggest thing they were worried about was me…I could tell they were scared.” (Page 773)

The Poetry Analysis Essay: Suggestions and Common Errors

The Poetry Analysis Essay: Suggestions and Common Errors

1.      Review “Major Stages in Thinking and Writing About Literature” beginning on page 19 in the text as well as the elements of poetry in “Part III, Reading and Writing About Poetry.”  Note, with my exceptions, “Writing a Research Essay  on Poetry,” page 1222.

 

2.      Length: three to five pages.  This is the suggested amount of development, not the number of pages to be filled.

 

3.      Choices: You must write about the work of a poet who is listed on the course schedule, but you should notanalyze a poem that we have already analyzed in class or one that we may at some point analyze in class.

 

Hint: papers by students who have spent little time researching the work of the writer they’ve selected are apparent to good readers within the first paragraph most of the time.  Ethos begins low, and the grade on the paper will be below average.   If you choose the most conveniently accessed poem, you’re only making your life more difficult.

 

4.      Analysis is not a paraphrase or summary of the poem’s argument, circumstance or plot.  Summaries neither lend insight nor illuminate possible inferences, two purposes of analysis.  For example, to say, “Bart Edelman’s poem ‘Chemistry Experiment’ is about a chemistry experiment that goes wrong for some college students.  He talks about the smoke, describing it as a ‘black rope of smoke.’”  Such regurgitation does not serve the reader.

 

This is not to say that you cannot paraphrase the poem to call the reader to the moments or ideas you wish to analyze.  This is only to say that a paper which only paraphrases or summarizes is not fulfilling the assignment or the purpose of the assignment, to train you to think critically about text and learn to articulate clearly your critical thoughts.

 

5.      Analysis is not a reader reaction.  Reader reactions are just that: a reader’s emotional, casually considered reaction to a work.  Such reactions range from, “This poem was weird,” or, “This poet’s an idiot.  He makes no sense,” to, “Edelman writes a wonderful poem about some college students who almost blow themselves up in chemistry class.  The line, ‘With the hazardous waste crew,’ shows how serious the accident was.”

 

None of the previous comments lend the reader a compelling interpretation of the poem.  Relevant interpretations, which when supported with evidence are analysis, offer insight into how the poem is working, why it is significant beyond what we see on the surface, or reveal the instructional value of the poem, the wisdom we might take from it.

*

A good draft of an analysis of this poem might begin, “Bart Edelman’s poem ‘Chemistry Experiment’ illustrates just that, a chemistry experiment in a college classroom, to symbolize the seeming trauma of becoming an adult, especially in matters of romance.”

 

6.      The poem you are analyzing will not organize your paper for you.  Very often, novice writers will commit what we will refer to in this class as the Quote and Comment method, which is when the writer quotes or paraphrases a line from the poem being “analyzed,” comments on it, then quotes the next line and comments on it, and so on.  It’s nearly impossible to organize a paper into useful paragraphs using this method, and most writers who do employ it don’t even bother to organize.  The method is easy on the writer and hard on the reader.  Other than someone who’s being paid to grade the paper, few readers would endure more than the two paragraphs of this sort of essay.

 

7.      A draft of a clear, focused, organized analysis is significantly more difficult to write when you have not alreadybrainstormed general ideas and, afterward, drafted a rough outline of the ideas that might work.  The more time you spend refining your outline, the more manageable your paper will be during the drafting process.  You want to have a sense of how your paper should be organized and what your supporting details will be before you begin writing.  Otherwise, you will find yourself frustrated and lost in your own paper.

 

8.      Research is not required for this first paper, but it is encouraged and it will be rewarded.  Any consulted sources used in the paper must be cited in MLA format.  See the text and Diana Hacker’s website for MLA citations in The Bedford Guide on line.

 

 

9.      Just as poetry creates poets and novels breed novelists, the best way to develop an understanding of a good analysis is to spend time reading good models.  Included here are the authors whose works are the subject of good poetry analyses written by students and the first pages on which they appear in our text: Edwin Arlington Robinson, 703; Robert Browning, 746; John Masefield, 782; Sharon Olds, 866; George Herbert, 964; Mary Oliver, 1006.