Discuss ways that a hospital might measure quality. Be sure to explain your reasoning.
Read the “Memorial Hospital” case study in Chapter 4 of your text. In a three- to four-page paper, respond to the guided response below.
Discuss ways that a hospital might measure quality. Be sure to explain your reasoning.
Explain the potential costs and failures of quality for Memorial Hospital and discuss how each can be measured.
Discuss ideas or techniques from TQM that Janice could use to help Memorial focus on providing quality health care.
Analyze the methods Memorial could use to assess the quality of health care it is providing.
Your paper should be in paragraph form (avoid the use of bullet points) and supported with the concepts outlined in your text and additional scholarly sources.
Submit your three- to four-page paper (not including the title and reference pages). Your paper must be formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center and must cite at least three scholarly sources in addition to the textbook.
Memorial Hospital
Memorial Hospital is a privately owned 600-bed facility. The hospital provides a broad range of health care services, including complete laboratoryand X-ray facilities, an emergency room, an intensive care unit, a cardiac care unit, and a psychiatric ward. Most of these services are provided byseveral other hospitals in the metropolitan area. Memorial has purposely avoided getting involved in any specialized fields of medicine or obtainingvery specialized diagnostic equipment because it was felt that such services would not be cost-effective. The General Hospital, located only a fewmiles from Memorial, is affiliated with the local School of Medicine and offers up-to-date services in those specialized areas. Instead of trying tocompete with General Hospital to provide special services, Memorial Hospital has concentrated on offering high-quality general health care at anaffordable price. Compared with the much larger General Hospital, Memorial stresses close personal attention to each patient from a nursing staffthat cares about its work. In fact, the hospital has begun to place ads in newspapers and on television, stressing its patient-oriented care.
However, the hospital’s administrator, Janice Fry, is concerned about whether the hospital can really deliver on its promises, and worries that failureto provide the level of health care patients expect could drive patients away. Janice met recently with the hospital’s managerial personnel to discussher concerns. The meeting raised some questions about how the hospital’s quality of health care could be assured. Jessica Tu, director of nursing,raised the question, “How do we measure the quality of health care? Do we give patients a questionnaire when they leave, asking if they werehappy here? That does not seem to answer the question because we could make a patient happy, but give them lousy health care.” Several otherquestions were asked concerning the hospital’s efforts to keep costs down. Some people were concerned that an emphasis on costs would bedetrimental to quality. They argued that when a person’s life is at stake, costs should not be of concern.
After the meeting, Janice began thinking about these questions. She remembered reading recently that some companies were using total qualitymanagement (TQM) to improve their quality. She liked the idea—if it could be used in a hospital.
Discuss some ways that a hospital might measure quality.
What are the potential costs of quality for Memorial Hospital? How could the value of a human life be included?
Are there any ideas or techniques from TQM that Janice could use to help Memorial focus on providing quality health care?
What measures could Memorial use to assess the quality of health care it is providin

Validity in research refers to the extent researchers can be confident that the cause and effect they identify in their research are in fact causal relationships. If there is low validity in a study, it usually means that the research design is flawed and the results will be of little or no value. Four different aspects of validity should be considered when reviewing a research design: statistical conclusion validity, internal validity, construct validity, and external validity. In this Discussion, you consider the importance of each of these aspects in judging the validity of quantitative research.
To prepare:
Read the method section of one of the following quasi-experimental studies (also located in this week’s Learning Resources). Identify at least one potential concern that could be raised about the study’s internal validity. Metheny, N. A., Davis-Jackson, J., & Stewart, B. J. (2010). The effectiveness of an aspiration risk-reduction protocol. Nursing Research, 59(1), 18–25. Padula, C. A., Hughes, C., & Baumhover, L. (2009). Impact of a nurse-driven mobility protocol on functional decline in hospitalized older adults. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 24(4), 325–331. Yuan, S., Chou, M., Hwu, L., Chang, Y., Hsu, W., & Kuo, H. (2009). An intervention program to promote health-related physical fitness in nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(10), 1,404–1,411. Consider strategies that could be used to strengthen the study’s internal validity and how this would impact the three other types of validity. Think about the consequences of an advanced practice nurse neglecting to consider the validity of a research study when reviewing the research for potential use in developing an evidence-based practice.
Post the title of the study that you selected and your analysis of the potential concerns that could be raised about the study’s internal validity. Propose recommendations to strengthen the internal validity and assess the effect your changes could have with regard to the other three types of validity. Discuss the dangers of failing to consider the validity of a research study.