Theories Of Leadership

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Assignment 1: Theories of Leadership
Due Week 4 and worth 150 points

For all assignments, assume that the City Manager has hired you as the Chief of Staff for your local government. The City Manager has tasked you with developing and implementing the government’s new million dollar grant funded Public Leadership Academy. The mission of the Public Leadership Academy is to provide ongoing training and development of the local government’s current and prospective public leaders. This program was developed in an effort to build and sustain world class public leadership that exemplifies exceptional leadership traits and skills, while fostering long-term relationships internal and external stakeholders and constituents. In the upcoming weeks, you will deliver your first presentation to the government’s local councilpersons, in which you address the type of public leadership model(s) that is both needed within the local government for its public leaders and required to fulfil the mission of the Public Leadership Academy.

After careful review and analysis of the steps needed to meet your goal, your first assignment is to revisit the theories and styles of leadership. You will examine the theories and styles that support the role of the public leader.

You may use the Internet and / or Strayer databases to complete any additional research.

Note: You may create and / or make all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment.

Use the basic outline below to draft your paper. Organize your responses to each question (except Question 4) under the following section headings:

  • Defining The Public Leader (for Question 1)
  • Leadership Theories (for Question 2)
  • Leadership Styles (for Question 3)

Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you:

  1. Determine two (2) leadership theories and two (2) leadership styles that support the definition of a public leader. Provide a rationale for your response.
  2. Assess the effectiveness of the two (2) leadership theories from Question 1. Provide two (2) examples for each leadership theory.
  3. Assess the effectiveness of the two (2) leadership styles from Question 1. Provide two (2) examples for each leadership style.
  4. Include at least four (4) peer-reviewed references (no more than five [5] years old) from material outside the textbook. Note: Appropriate peer-reviewed references include scholarly articles and governmental Websites. Wikipedia, other wikis, and any other websites ending in anything other than “.gov” do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Evaluate the theories and models of public leadership.
  • Differentiate among the styles of public leadership.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in public leadership and conflict resolution.
  • Write clearly and concisely about issues in public leadership and conflict resolution using proper writing mechanics.
    Points: 150 Assignment 1: Theories of Leadership
    Criteria Unacceptable

    Below 70% F

    		 Fair

    70-79% C

    		 Proficient

    80-89% B

    		 Exemplary

    90-100% A
    1. Determine two (2) leadership theories and two (2) leadership styles that support the definition of a public leader. Provide a rationale for your response.

    Weight: 25%

    		 Did not submit or incompletely determined two (2) leadership theories and two (2) leadership styles that support the definition of a public leader. Did not submit or incompletely provided a rationale for your response. Partially determined two (2) leadership theories and two (2) leadership styles that support the definition of a public leader. Partially provided a rationale for your response. Satisfactorily determined two (2) leadership theories and two (2) leadership styles that support the definition of a public leader. Satisfactorily provided a rationale for your response. Thoroughly determined two (2) leadership theories and two (2) leadership styles that support the definition of a public leader. Thoroughly provided a rationale for your response.
    2. Assess the effectiveness of the two (2) leadership theories from Question 1. Provide two (2) examples for each leadership theory. Weight: 25% Did not submit or incompletely assessed the effectiveness of the two (2) leadership theories from Question 1. Did not submit or incompletely provided two (2) examples for each leadership theory. Partially assessed the effectiveness of the two (2) leadership theories from Question 1. Partially provided two (2) examples for each leadership theory. Satisfactorily assessed the effectiveness of the two (2) leadership theories from Question 1.  Satisfactorily provided two (2) examples for each leadership theory. Thoroughly assessed the effectiveness of the two (2) leadership theories from Question 1. Thoroughly provided two (2) examples for each leadership theory.
    3. Assess the effectiveness of the two (2) leadership styles from Question 1. Provide two (2) examples for each leadership style.

    Weight: 25%

    		 Did not submit or incompletely assessed the effectiveness of the two (2) leadership styles from Question 1. Did not submit or incompletely provided two (2) examples for each leadership style. Partially assessed the effectiveness of the two (2) leadership styles from Question 1. Partially provided two (2) examples for each leadership style. Satisfactorily assessed the effectiveness of the two (2) leadership styles from Question 1. Satisfactorily provided two (2) examples for each leadership style. Thoroughly assessed the effectiveness of the two (2) leadership styles from Question 1. Thoroughly provided two (2) examples for each leadership style.
    4. 4 references

    Weight: 5%

    		 Does not meet the required number of references. Meets the required number of references; some or all references poor quality choices. Meets number of required references; all references good quality choices. Exceeds number of required references; all references high quality choices.
    5. Writing Mechanics, Grammar, and Formatting

    Weight: 5%

    		 Serious and persistent errors in grammar, spelling, punctuation, or formatting. Partially free of errors in grammar, spelling, punctuation, or formatting. Mostly free of errors in grammar, spelling, punctuation, or formatting. Error free or almost error free grammar, spelling, punctuation, or formatting.
    6. Appropriate use of APA in-text citations and reference section

    Weight: 5%

    		 Lack of in-text citations and / or lack of reference section. In-text citations and references are provided, but they are only partially formatted correctly in APA style. Most in-text citations and references are provided, and they are generally formatted correctly in APA style. In-text citations and references are error free or almost error free and consistently formatted correctly in APA style.
    7. Information Literacy / Integration of Sources

    Weight: 5%

    		 Serious errors in the integration of sources, such as intentional or accidental plagiarism, or failure to use in-text citations. Sources are partially integrated using effective techniques of quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. Sources are mostly integrated using effective techniques of quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. Sources are consistently integrated using effective techniques of quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing.
    8. Clarity and Coherence of Writing

    Weight: 5%

    		 Information is confusing to the reader and fails to include reasons and evidence that logically support ideas. Information is partially clear with minimal reasons and evidence that logically support ideas. Information is mostly clear and generally supported with reasons and evidence that logically support ideas. Information is provided in a clear, coherent, and consistent manner with reasons and evidence that logically support ideas.

Political Systems

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Topic: Political Systems

Instructions:
Explain how conservatism and socialism are incorporated in the US political system. Use evidence (cite sources) to support your response from assigned readings or online lessons, and at least one outside scholarly source.

Be sure to use examples.

Textbook:

Magstadt, T. (2017). Understanding Politics: Ideas, institutions, and issues (12th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage.

Required Resources:
Read/review the following resources for this activity:

  • Textbook: Chapter 3, 4; review Chapter 2 (Section: Ideologies and Politics in the United States)
  • Lesson
  • Additional scholarly sources you identify through your own research

 Lesson: Political Science Theories:

 

Theories

After the fall of Rome, within Western civilizations, the Church ultimately became interwoven with the centralized power of the appointed kings and queens. But over time, philosophers, and then the people, wondered if this was the best way to organize a government. They began by questioning the Church’s role in government, and ultimately expanded into an examination of the need for monarchies in general.

These thoughts began with the work of Niccolo Machiavelli in Italy in the 15th and 16th centuries. In The Prince, Machiavelli discusses the role of power in maintaining rule. Although not a direct link to democratic thought because he is advising a prince on how to keep his control over the people, his work was one of the first to hint at a need for a separation of church and state, which is a concept that still elicits controversy today.

Church image separated from state image

Roughly a century later, Thomas Hobbes also questioned the role of the Church within the government. In writing Leviathan, Hobbes advocated the need for a large governmental structure (thus a leviathan) to rule over the people and he began to question the role of the Church in this process. Although a supporter of authoritarian governments, Hobbes was not a supporter of the Church’s power within government. Outside of this premise, he is also known for coining the phrase “state of nature.” This idea stems from his examination of what people look like without any government. He saw this state as very bleak, representing utter chaos and strife, because he theorized that without a strong ruling government to keep the peace, people would be at war with one another as they attempted to seize power from one another as a means of getting what they desired and as a way to avoid what they did not. However, in contrast to what he was proposing, by looking at humanity at its core, he introduced the idea of humanity as thinking for itself, which is the foundation of any democracy.

It was this concept that John Locke then built upon a few decades later by suggesting that the people move away from an all-oppressive ruler to a government based upon the rule of the citizens with a system of checks and balances,. Locke’s ideas serve as the basis of much of the U.S. founding documents, such as the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

Liberalism Defined

The Meaning of the Word Liberal

The term liberal in modern vocabularies has taken on an entirely different meaning from its original context. Liberal, when applied to political philosophy, represents a belief that the government should interfere very little in the daily lives of its citizens. This notion allows the individual to pursue his or her own interests without fear of extreme government regulation.

Since The Great Depression, which hit the world the hardest during the 1930s, the U.S. government has trended towards a larger government, as have other Western European nations. This happened as a result of the government providing many social services to protect its citizens from the likes of economic disaster and the toils of war. How far you think the government should go in aiding its citizens depends upon which political ideology most appeals to you. The classic liberal, a categorization credited to John Locke and also known as the modern conservative, tends to favor small government, whereas the modern liberal, modeled on the work of T. H.Green, prefers more governmental programs.

How far you think the government should go in aiding its citizens depends upon which political ideology most appeals to you. The classic liberal, a categorization credited to John Locke and also known as the modern conservative, tends to favor small government, whereas the modern liberal, modeled on the work of T. H.Green, prefers more governmental programs.

Capitalism and Socialism Compared

One arrow saying Capitalism and the other saying Socialism pointing in opposite directions

Capitalism represents the idea of the people controlling the means of production, with little to no interference by government. Capitalism is based on the idea of a market driven economy. This concept simply means that the market (or the masses) drive what is produced by industry with their demand for products. For example, if a great deal of people desire a certain item, then those who produce it will stay in business as long as the demand continues. However, if demand lags, or dies out altogether, that same industry will have to evolve to produce another in-demand product,or leave the market. This demand for product thus drives what is produced, and then determines which industries flourish. This system, in its truest sense, leaves government out of the economic process. Adam Smith, in writing The Wealth of Nations, was an advocate for this type of economic system. However, over time, it has been discovered that some regulation of business is needed, for instance, to preventi a monopoly in order to keep the market competitive.

In contrast to this model of low government involvement, socialism calls for the complete control of production by government. This is a concept originated by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, two political philosophers during the 19th century, in their Communist Manifesto. Neither man was a fan of the world in which he was raised, where the industrial revolution was taking off and people were suffering under the harsh working conditions found in pure capitalism. They believed that if they presented a new economic plan that replaced the newly established capitalist principles, they could create a happier world for the individual. This world included the human rights of the liberal but went even further to ensure an equal distribution of wealth and goods to the masses. Their theory argued for a socialist transition, where the government seizes all the means of production from the masses, as a way of creating the pathway to communism (or a perfect utopia).

As with any plan, variations in practice can occur. This is exactly what happened when Russia, the first country to implement the teachings of Marx, achieved its revolution. Thus, came the rise of Marxism-Leninism, which varied dramatically from Marx’s proposed plan. The practice of this ideology resulted in many years of conflict with the West during the Cold War. The principal powers during that time, the United States and the Soviet Union, featured two completely different philosophies regarding government and politics. In the end, the Soviet Union’s political, governmental, and economic approaches proved to be disastrous for its society, and the individuals within it. It featured a political process that decided who got what, when, and how in the most arbitrary manner, and used the government to execute those decisions brutally and ruthlessly. In the end, Soviet citizens, tired of being told they were part of one of the world’s great superpowers while waiting in line for basic necessities, gradually withdrew their interest in and support of their government, and the system eventually collapsed.

Summary

Studying politics has been an important part of the work of ancient and modern philosophers. As in most sciences, theories have evolved as new information has become available and new ways of exploring become possible. Liberalism split into conservatism and modern liberalism to form two different ideologies that same with capitalism and socialism.

American National Government Final Paper- Affordable Care Act

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The Final Paper should utilize the POL201 Final Paper templatePreview the document and be at least six pages in length (not including title page and references) and based on your previously submitted assignments. It is important to utilize APA Style Elements (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. headings for major sections of your paper in order to ensure that the paper is easy to follow.

Scaffold your paper around the following outline:

The Final Paper Assignment

  • Must be at least six double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA Style (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..
  • Must include a separate title page with the following:
    • Title of paper
    • Student’s name
    • Course name and number
    • Instructor’s name
    • Date submitted
  • Must use at least eight scholarly sources in addition to the course text. A minimum of five of the resources must be from peer-reviewed scholarly sources from the Ashford University Library.
  • Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  • Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.Running head: PAPER TITLE HERE 1

    PAPER TITLE HERE 2

     

     

     

     

    Paper Title Here

    Your Name

    POL 201 – American National Government

    Ashford University

    Instructor’s Name

    Month Day, Year

     

    Paper Title Here

    This is where the introduction for your paper should begin. You should indent the first paragraph and include a hook to draw your reader in and make the topic interesting. Your introduction should also include an overview of the main points you will discuss in your paper and conclude with a concise thesis statement of 25 words or less that clearly summarizes what your paper is about. Please be sure to not refer to the paper in your paper. For example, “In this paper, I will discuss…” is not appropriate for formal writing. Also, your paper should not use words such as I, we, or you. For more suggestions, please read about thesis statements on our Ashford Writing Center website: Thesis Statements. Your introduction should be at least ½ a page in length.

    Historical and Constitutional Background

    Your paper should include the four main headings as outlined in this template. It is vital, in order to fully meet the expectations for this paper, that you support your arguments utilizing scholarly sources. Be sure to summarize, paraphrase, and include in-text citations. You must properly cite all additional resources with in-text APA formatted citations and an APA reference list in order to avoid plagiarism. No more than 10% of your paper should be direct quotations. Each heading/topic should be a a minimum of 1 to 1.5 pages in length. It is important to include transitions and more deeply reflect and expand on the material from each week. Be sure to review the WayPoint feedback provided by your instructor from your Week 2 and Week 3 Assignments and the feedback from the Ashford Writing Center from your Week 4 assignment. Integrate the feedback into your revisions as you expand your analysis of each section for your final paper.

    Checks and Balances

    Your second section should focus on the checks and balances that are involved within the policy you have selected.

    Public Policy, Elections, and Media

    The third section of your final paper should focus on how the policy relates to public policy, elections, and is portrayed by the media. Each paragraph of your assignment should be clear and easy to follow. Ashford has several valuable resources to help you write a strong paragraph, such as How to Write a Good Paragraph page and the Integrating Research tutorial.

    Voting and the Election Process

    The fourth section of your paper should focus on how the policy is impacted by voting and the election process. In addition to being well-written, each paragraph should include an in-text citation for all information summarized, paraphrased, or quoted from outside sources. The Ashford Writing Center provides many resources to help you follow correct citation style (primarily APA) and gives lessons and examples of how to paraphrase and cite sources. The Introduction to APA page is a good place to start.

    Conclusion

    Your paper should conclude with a review of your main points and a review of your thesis. The conclusion should not introduce any points that have not already been addressed in the main body of the paper. This is an opportunity to solidify your ideas for the reader and leave a lasting impression.

     

    Remember to start your references on a new page. Space down until References is as the top of the final page of your paper. References

    References

    Your paper must utilize at least eight scholarly resources in addition to the textbook. A minimum of six of the resources must be peer-reviewed scholarly sources from the Ashford University Library. The following are commonly used references. Please fill in the required information, and if you need more help, see the Formatting Your References List page. References are listed in alphabetical order.

     

    Ashford Textbook (Online edition): *

    Author, A. (Year published). Title of book: Subtitle of book (edition, if other than the first) [Electronic version]. Retrieved from from URL

    Example:

    Witt, G. A., & Mossler, R. A. (2010). Adult development and life assessment [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/books/4

     

    Online Journal Article (such as from the Ashford Library):**

    Author, A. (Year Published). Article title. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), page range. doi:# or Retrieved from journal’s homepage URL

    **When including a URL for an online journal, you must search for the journal’s home page and include this in your reference entry. You may not include the URL found through your university library as readers will not have access to this library.

    Examples:

    Churchill, S. D., & Mruk, C. J. (2014). Practicing what we preach in humanistic and positive psychology. American Psychologist, 69(1), 90-92. doi:10.1037/a0034868

     

    Santovec, M. (2008). Easing the transition improves grad retention at Trinity U. Women in Higher Education, 17(10), 32. Retrieved from http://www.trinitydc.edu/education/files/2010/09/Women_in_higher_ Ed_Trinity_Transistions_10_08.pdf

     

    Online Magazine:*

    Author, A. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title. Magazine Title. Retrieved from URL

    Example:

    Walk, V. (2013, April 29). Can this woman fix Europe? Time. Retrieved from http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,213969.html

     

    YouTube Video:*

    Author, A. [Screen name]. (Year, Month, Day). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from URL

    Example:

    Apsolon, M. [markapsolon]. (2011, September 9). Real ghost girl caught on video tape 14

    [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nyGCbxD848

     

    Web Page:*

    Author, A. (Year, Month, Date Published). Article title. Retrieved from URL

    Example—Corporate web page:

    U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2008). Police and detectives. Retrieved from http://bls.gov/oco/pdf/ocos160.pdf

    Example—Article or section within web page with no author:

    Presentation tools. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://web2014.discoveryeducation.com/web20tools-presentation.cfm

     

     

    *Please delete the notes in this document before submitting your assignment.

The Supreme Court

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This assignment is designed to help you analyze civil liberties and the role of the U.S. Supreme Court in upholding them.

Visit the American Civil Liberties Union Supreme Court Cases website to see civil liberties cases that the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled on, organized by term.

Select one of the cases on civil liberties that interests you. Provide an analysis that addresses the following:

  • The civil liberty that is addressed in the case, including the text of the amendment from the Bill of Rights
  • An explanation of the Supreme Court’s involvement, including the following:
    • The importance of the ruling (why it is significant)
    • How the case moved through the lower courts to eventually be heard by the Supreme Court
    • The powers granted to the Supreme Court by the constitution that allowed them to rule on the case

Create a 875-1000 word paper.

Include citations for all unoriginal ideas, facts, or definitions in an APA-formatted reference list. Include support from at least 3 sources, 1 of which can be your textbook

Submit your assignment.