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Discuss how the constitution is still relevant today.

December 30, 2022/in Uncategorized /by

this is assignment consists of three parts all of them should not be more than 1 page and half. Please label each section. with Part #

Respond to the question posed, after reading the text and powerpoint. Then respond to a classmates post to receive full credit. Your second post, a response to another student, must include content – not just a statement of agreement or disagreement with their post. Both posts should show that you have read the material in the text as well as your peers’ posts and have applied all of that to the question at hand. Your posts should be grammatically correct, so others can understand your point. It’s not a formal writing forum, but it’s not Facebook either.

part 1:

please see the PowerPoint attached( GOVT10_SidlowHenschen_Ch01.pdf ) and watch this video

Chapter 1- Discuss and define American political ideologies (remember ideologies are not parties). Or create a post about something you found especially interesting in the chapter and want to discuss further.

part 2:

please see the PowerPoint attached( GOVT10_SidlowHenschen_Ch02.pdf ) and watch this video

Chapter 2- Discuss how the constitution is still relevant today. Use current examples. Or create a post about something you found especially interesting in the chapter and want to discuss further.

part 3:

please see the PowerPoint attached( GOVT10_SidlowHenschen_Ch03.pdf ) and watch this video

Chapter 3- Marijuana is illegal under national law, but Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, and Washington have moved to legalize and tax it. Should the federal government take a hands off approach or crack down? Why or why not? (remember the bigger picture of federalism and state v. federal power). Watch the John Oliver clip before commenting. Or create a post about something you found especially interesting in the chapter and want to discuss further.

America in the Twenty-First Century

publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

accessible website, in whole or in part. GOVT10 | CH1

1.  Explain what is meant by the terms politics and government

2.  Identify the various types of government systems

3.  Summarize some of the basic principles of American democracy and basic American political values

4.  Define common American ideological positions, such as conservatism and liberalism

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Politics

•  Process of resolving conflicts over how society should use its scarce resources and who should receive various benefits

•  Assumes that social conflict is inevitable •  Social conflict: Disagreement among

people over society’s priorities

LO 1

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Government

•  Individuals and institutions that make society’s rules and have the power and authority to enforce those rules •  Institutions: Ongoing organizations that

perform functions for society •  Power: Ability to influence the behavior of

others •  Authority: Ability to legitimately exercise

power

LO 1

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Three Essential Purposes of Government

•  Resolving conflicts •  Providing public services

•  Public services: Essential services that individuals cannot provide for themselves

•  Defending the nation and its culture against attacks by other nations

LO 1

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Systems of Government

•  Undemocratic systems •  Power of the government is typically in the

hands of an authoritarian individual or group ➖ Autocracy: Power and authority of the

government are in the hands of a single person

•  Democratic systems •  Government is by the consent of the people

and reflects the will of the majority

LO 2

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Type of Autocracy: Monarchy

•  A king, queen, or an aristocrat is the highest authority in the government •  Power is obtained through inheritance

•  Absolute monarchy – Monarch holds complete and unlimited power •  By the divine right theory, a monarch’s

right to rule was derived directly from God •  Constitutional monarchy – Monarchs

share governmental power with elected lawmakers

LO 2

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Dictatorship

•  Absolute power is exercised by an individual or group whose power is not supported by tradition

•  Can be totalitarian •  Totalitarian – Leader or group of leaders

seek to control almost all aspects of social and economic life

•  Beneficial to the leaders but damaging to the nation

LO 2

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Democracy

•  People have ultimate political authority •  Direct democracy (Athenian model)

•  Political decisions are made by the people and not by the elected representatives

•  Representative democracy •  Will of the majority is expressed through

groups of individuals elected as representatives ➖ Republic: Representative system in

which people are sovereign

LO 2

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Types of Representative Democracy

•  Presidential democracy •  Lawmaking and law-enforcing branches are

separate but equal •  Parliamentary democracy

•  Lawmaking and law-enforcing branches are united

•  Parliament: National legislative body in countries governed by a parliamentary system

LO 2

accessible website, in whole or in part.

The British Legacy

•  Framers of the U.S. Constitution included two basic principles that evolved in England •  Limited government ➖ Powers of government should be clearly

limited either through a written document or through wide public understanding

•  Representative government ➖ People elect individuals to make

governmental decisions for all citizens

LO 3

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Political Philosophy: John Locke

•  Democracy resulted from a type of social contract among early Americans •  Individuals voluntarily agree to give up some

of their freedoms to obtain the benefits of orderly government

•  Purpose of a government was to protect the natural rights of its citizens

LO 3

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Principles of American Democracy

Equality in vo6ng

Individual freedom

Equal protec6on of the law

Majority rule and minority rights

Voluntary consent to be governed

LO 3

accessible website, in whole or in part.

American Political Values

•  Political culture •  Set of ideas, values, and attitudes about

government and the political process held by a community or nation

•  Ideals and standards of the American political culture are embodied in the Declaration of Independence

LO 3

accessible website, in whole or in part.

American Political Values (continued)

• Freedom to believe, act, and express as long as it does not infringe on the rights of others Liberty

• All people are en8tled to equal protec8on under the law Equality

• Poli8cal power and the liberty to do what one wants—within limits

• Closely related to the pursuit of happiness Property

LO 3

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Property and Capitalism

•  Property •  Consists of assets that can be used to

create and sell goods and services •  Capitalism

•  Economic system based on the private ownership of wealth-producing property, free markets, and freedom of contract

•  Privately owned corporation is the preeminent capitalist institution

LO 3

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Political Values and a Divided Electorate

•  Caused by differences among Americans in interpreting collectively held values •  Increasing numbers of Republicans and

Democrats consider the other party to be misguided and a danger to the country

LO 3

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Political Values in a Changing Society

•  Multiculturalism •  Outgrowth of the civil rights movement •  Belief that the many cultures that make up

American society should remain distinct and be protected by its laws

•  Dramatic changes in the racial and ethnic makeup of the United States •  Demographic changes may provide a

substantial future benefit to the Democratic Party

LO 3

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Aging of America

•  In future years, more retired people will be collecting: •  Social Security •  Medicare •  Private pensions

•  Sharing the national income among the generations will become an ever-greater problem

LO 3

accessible website, in whole or in part.

American Political Ideology

•  Ideology •  System of political ideas rooted in religious

or philosophical beliefs concerning human nature, society, and government

•  Broad political camps among Americans include: •  Conservatives •  Liberals

LO 4

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Conservatism

•  Set of political beliefs that include: •  Limited role for national government in

helping individuals and in national economic affairs

•  Support for traditional values and lifestyles •  Conservative movement

•  Ideological movement that arose in the 1950s and 1960s and continues to shape conservative beliefs

LO 4

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Conservative Thinking

•  Involves the belief that: •  Distribution of social and economic benefits

that would exist if the government took little or no action is usually optimum

•  Individuals and families should take responsibility for their own economic circumstances

•  High value should be placed on the principle of order, on family values, and on patriotism

LO 4

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Liberalism

•  Set of political beliefs that include advocacy of active government •  Also include advocacy of government

intervention to improve the common welfare and to protect civil rights

•  Roots can be traced to the New Deal programs of Franklin D. Roosevelt

•  Favors the separation of church and state

LO 4

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Other Liberal Values: Progressivism

•  Today, an alternative, more popular term for the set of political beliefs also known as liberalism

•  Term progressive dates back to the first years of the 20th century •  Referred to a reform movement that was

active in both major political parties

LO 4

accessible website, in whole or in part. GOVT10 | CH1

Figure 1.3 The Traditional Political Spectrum LO 4

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Ideologies beyond Conservatism and Liberalism: Socialism

•  Often critical of capitalism •  Lies to the left of liberalism on the

traditional political spectrum •  Social democrats

•  Strongly support egalitarianism and democracy

•  Have a greater tolerance for strong government

LO 4

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Ideologies beyond Conservatism and Liberalism: Libertarianism

•  Belief that government should do as little as possible in: •  Economic spheres •  Regulating morality and personal behavior

•  Economic progressives and social conservatives •  Support government intervention to promote

both economic fairness and moral values

LO 4

accessible website, in whole or in part. GOVT10 | CH1

Figure 1.4 A Two-Dimensional Political Classification

LO 4

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Modern Definitions of Conservatism Click picture to play video

Donald Trump and Marco Rubio define conserva8sm

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Questions

•  What are some key differences between Donald Trump’s definition of conservatism and Marco Rubio’s definition?

•  Do you believe traditional family values hold the same level of importance for modern conservatives as they have in the past? •  Why or why not?

accessible website, in whole or in part.

Questions (continued)

•  As a class, brainstorm the five most important beliefs or values of modern conservatives

32 C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 1 8 C e n g a g e L e a r n i n g . A l l R i g h t s R e s e r v e d . M a y n o t b e s c a n n e d , c o p i e d o r d u p l i c a t e d , o r p o s t e d t o a p u b l i c l y a c c e s s i b l e w e b s i t e , i n w h o l e o r i n p a r t . GOVT10 | CH1 32

KEY TERMS

•  Ins6tu6on • Social conflict • Poli6cs • Government • Power • Authority • Public services • Autocracy

•  Monarchy •  Divine right theory •  Dictatorship •  Democracy •  Direct democracy •  Representa6ve

democracy •  Republic •  Parliament

33 HIST4 | CH6 33 HIST4 | CH6

KEY TERMS (continued)

• Limited government • Social contract • Natural rights • Poli6cal culture • Liberty • Equality • Capitalism •  Ideology • Conserva6sm

•  Conserva6ve movement

•  Liberalism •  Progressivism •  Moderates •  Socialism •  Libertarianism •  Working class

34 C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 1 8 C e n g a g e L e a r n i n g . A l l R i g h t s R e s e r v e d . M a y n o t b e s c a n n e d , c o p i e d o r d u p l i c a t e d , o r p o s t e d t o a p u b l i c l y a c c e s s i b l e w e b s i t e , i n w h o l e o r i n p a r t . 34

SUMMARY

• Poli6cs is the process of resolving conflicts • Government makes society’s rules and possesses the power and authority to enforce those rules

• Government systems can be democra6c or undemocra6c

• Conserva6sm favors a limited role for the na6onal government

• Liberalism advocates an ac6ve government

accessible website, in whole or in part. GOVT10 | CH1

“Petition The Government For Redress Of Grievances”

December 30, 2022/in Uncategorized /by

Discussion “Petition the Government for Redress of Grievances”

Textbook:

Magstadt, T. (2017). Understanding politics: Ideas, institutions, and issues (12th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage.

Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:

Textbook: Chapter 11, 12, 13
Lesson
Additional scholarly sources you identify through your own research

Initial Post Instructions
Analyze why older, white adults vote in elections more than other groups while describing how each political party cultivates voters and the role an interest group plays in turning people out to the polls.

You can explore political voting data at the United States Census Bureau’s website here: https://www.census.gov/topics/public-sector/voting.html (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Use evidence (cite sources) to support your response from assigned readings or online lessons, and at least two outside scholarly sources.

———————————————————————————————————-

On line Lesson:

Introduction

The United States Constitution guarantees the right for the people to redress the government about any grievances. This guarantee is the fundamental right of the US’s representative-constitutional democracy. An essential part of this right is voting. Although the voter is at the center, getting policies passed to deal with issues is a complex system with different individuals and groups. During this week, we begin to see how various problems are brought through the legislative and court system with a variety of actors.

Player Theories

Politics is often considered a game. As in any sport, there are players, usually at least two players against each other. Understanding politics as a game, elite theories suggest a small group holds power to make meaningful change in any democratic system that is more fully developed. Mills and Michels, both sociologists, from the 1950s, explained that only a small number of people are in control of the democracy using their money and influence to protect their interests without regard for the public good (Magstadt, 2017). Michels promulgated his theory, iron law of oligarchy, mostly noting that only a few people hold the authority in any organization. Elitist theorists believe that in a democracy only a few political bosses from the political parties and select wealthy interest groups that hold power are always advancing their own interests.

The Election System

There are different types of electoral systems, and their influence on political parties is essential to how these groups form. Single-member districts mostly support a two-party system, whereas proportional systems allow for a multiparty structure.

Image of hand placing vote in ballot box

To receive a majority of the votes in a plurality system, where the winner takes all, the platforms of smaller parties must band together to become viable contenders in the race. Therefore, there is the emergence of two strong parties as a means of obtaining enough votes to win the election. However, in a system where a portion of the vote goes to the percentage of votes received, two-distinct parties are not essential to being represented. As a result, smaller parties retain their distinct agendas during the election process, although it is important to note the need for coalitions in this structure. Whereas the smaller parties can achieve representation in government, a majority must still be obtained to pass legislation. The smaller parties form coalition agreements where representatives of each party agree to support the platform of the member parties. Coalitions require the complete support of all party members because the loss of one representative’s vote can mean that the clear majority is lost.

The two most common electoral systems are a plurality system (based on single-member districts) and proportional representation. A plurality system allows for the winner to take all. Whichever person wins the majority of the vote will rule. The United States uses this system within its federal elections. For example, when a presidential candidate wins a majority of the electoral votes, he or she takes office. This system allows for a clear party platform to emerge, but also requires those within the minority to accept the rule of a contrasting majority.

In contrast, a proportional system grants representation to all parties by the proportion of the vote they received during the election. For example, in an Israel parliamentary election, each political party is granted a number of seats based upon the number of votes it received. So, if Party A won 10% of the vote, they would win 10% of the parliamentary seats. This system encourages the formation of many minor parties because it grants a voice to all the parties within the government structure.

The Actors: Political Parties and Interest Groups

Whether you follow politics or not, there is little doubt that you have heard of a particular interest group or political party. They are a fixture in our everyday lives. The idea of representing the people requires that the government listen to the people. But with so many voices demanding to be heard, a single voice can easily be lost in the crowd. Interest groups and political parties form to aid the individual in his or her attempt to be heard over the cries of the many because as more and more people come together, their demands become stronger and louder.

Interest groups and political parties have some similarities. They both attempt to sway public policy. Where they differ from one another is to whom they answer when all is said and done. An interest group responds only to itself and its members. It lobbies politicians and may even run ads to support particular candidates, but in the end, it is outside of government. An interest group is not responsible to the public. It represents only the specific and sometimes limited, goals of its particular interest.

In contrast, a political party is comprised of representatives who ultimately answer to the public. Their goal is to win elections, not just promote their interests. In doing so, they must have a much broader platform than only one cause. It is kind of like the difference between working for the private versus the public sector. Although the job may have the same responsibilities, in the first, you represent the interests of your company, and in the second, you represent the interests of the people.

The Ultimate Actor: The Voter

Large crowd holding signs

The political party’s job is to win elections, and the way to win is to get eligible citizens to the polls to vote. In the US’s representative government, the people vote on representatives to the Executive and Legislative branches. This voting, though, is not done in a vacuum; instead, there are a variety of actors dedicated to getting people to the polls, swaying public opinion, and assisting with passing laws, among many other responsibilities. Before any public policy can be implemented to address the people’s issues, a candidate must be voted into the office, which is why political parties work diligently to get people to the polls to vote for their person. Interest groups, also, work with their members to get people to the polls to vote. If the candidate wins, then the interest group works with the candidate to pass favorable legislation for the cause.

Elitist theorists would argue that the people are not the center of the US democratic system, rather interest groups with vast resources, especially money, are in control. This suspicion became more poignant when the US Supreme Court, the highest court in the US, decided that limits on money in political contests were unconstitutional. Elitist theorists would explain that since this proliferation of cash into the election system, the interest groups are in control. Particularly distressing is that Justices of the Supreme Court are appointed rather than voted into office.

The Supreme Court and Its Power

The courts represent an interesting branch of the U.S. government. The Judicial Branch is the only branch whose primary powers are not defined in the Constitution, and it is also arguably the least democratic branch of government because its members at the federal level are appointed for life. Nevertheless, the courts have played an essential role in promoting and advancing equality and democracy in the United States.

According to the Constitution, the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court was to serve as the trial court for all cases in which the federal government or its ambassadors were named in the case. The Supreme Court was created so that states could not sue the federal government in state courts. Even though this was the original purpose of the court, the court has heard only 160 cases under its original jurisdiction in 200 years. The primary goal of the Supreme Court, as it stands today, is what is known as judicial review or the ability of the court to review the constitutionality of the laws and practices of other branches of government. This power turns the court into the final interpreter of the Constitution, giving it a very powerful role. But this power was not established by the Constitution itself.

The Supreme Court’s power was established by the early Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison, in which the court decided that it needed to be able to interpret the Constitution to make decisions and that these interpretations had to be enforced by the other branches of government.

It is important to note that the Supreme Court cannot decide whether a law is constitutional immediately after the law is passed. Courts are designed so that they only hear particular cases. These cases are decided based on their facts and merits and only serve as examples of the enforcement of laws. There must be litigants (i.e., people involved in the case who are willing to take it to the higher levels of the courts) to hear a case. The Supreme Court is considered “the court of final appeal” in that it is the highest level at which a case can be argued. Most cases heard by the Supreme Court come through the appeal process, which means that the case falls under the Court’s appellate jurisdiction. When a case is appealed from a lower court, the Supreme Court may decide to hear the case if it determines that a substantial constitutional question is in dispute. Litigants in these cases must apply to be heard by the Supreme Court, and the Court receives over 7,000 such requests each year. When the Supreme Court decides to hear a case, it must evaluate the arguments in the case. Nine justices hear the arguments made by both sides, and often have questions for the lawyers in the case.

Lady Justice Illustration

Every Supreme Court decision contains two elements: the vote and the opinion. The vote is a simple vote regarding who wins the case. The decision is of primary importance to the particular people involved in the case. The opinion, however, is the element of the decision that is the most interesting for the rest of us. The opinion explains why the justices voted the way they did and includes details and reasoning that set the court policy. The opinion helps determine the way lower courts and the Supreme Court will decide similar cases in the future. Decisions are not always unanimous and can include the reasoning of the majority (the majority opinion), the reasoning of those who disagree (the dissenting opinion), and the reasoning of those who agree with the decision, but not the reasoning behind it (the concurring opinion).

Legal Reasoning and Precedent

In the opinions, the US Justices explain why they decided the case the way they did. Ultimately the Justices review laws to ensure alignment with our written Constitution. There is an expectation that the judges will use legal reasoning as a basis for an opinion. In the United States, judges are not allowed to make decisions only because they have an opinion about a political issue. In fact, judges often make decisions that run counter to their own beliefs. All decisions have to have a basis in law and must have legal reasoning behind them. A judge might believe, for example, that it is wrong to charge very high-interest rates that take advantage of the poor and the elderly. The judge cannot render a legal decision that this practice needs to stop, however, unless there is a law against it.

When rendering an opinion, a judge will seek the most recent precedent. This term refers to one of the most important principles of legal reasoning. Cases must be decided in the courts based on how similar cases were decided in the past. If the courts have allowed people to have freedom of speech in the past, then the courts must uphold that freedom for all people and groups. Each court decision, therefore, must reference previous cases, and explain why the decision either maintains previous good decisions or overturns previous poor decisions. As you might imagine, setting precedent is by nature a flexible and interpretive process.

Summary

In the election system, there are a variety of actors helping to push policies to address grievances by the people, a sacred right of the US Constitution. To have the people heard, the people must go to the polls and vote. Political parties appeal to all voters by creating platforms to connect with the voter, and ultimately have their candidate win the majority of the votes, winning the office. Elitist theorists believe that the voter as the central actor in the game of politics is foolish; rather interest groups with a vast amount of resources end up controlling the election system for their interests. However, the people also have the US Judicial System as an arbitrator for their grievances. The US Supreme Court is the final arbitrator who renders an opinion based on legal reasoning and precedent on a law passed by the Congress, so if a person cannot get justice through the legislative process, then they try the courts.

References

Magstadt, T. M. (2017). Understanding politics: Ideas, institutions, and issues (12th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage.

Michels, R. (1915). Political parties: A sociological study of the oligarchical tendencies of modern democracy. (E. Paul & C. Paul, Trans). New York, NY: The Free Press. (Original work published in 1911).

The Brandon Teena Story

December 30, 2022/in Uncategorized /by

you need see Hollywood :Boys Don’t Cry and DOC: The Brandon Teena Story. Writing 300 words.

In this class we have identified as one of our objectives the ability to fully engage, in critical ways, popular culture and its influence upon our political selves, our political sensibilities. With our focus on “deep differences” we find ourselves examining both documentary and feature-length film texts.

In 300-500 words share whether or not you believe the assigned documentary film text has the potential to transform one’s political sensibilities and how the documentary film text compares to the feature-length non-documentary film text that examines the same historical political movement and/or figure. And, if you believe that your personal political sensibilities have been (re)shaped or transformed by a particular film and/or style of film, say so. Again, the objective here is to share your thoughts pertaining to the major thesis presented in Democracy and Difference.

Comparison-Contrast Essay

December 30, 2022/in Uncategorized /by

Required Resources Read/review the following resources for this activity:

Textbook: Chapter 4
Lesson
Minimum of 4 scholarly sources (at least 2 for Hinduism & 2 for Buddhism)

Instructions Select one of the following pairs and compare and contrast these ideas in the religious traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism:

Self/No-self
Samsara/Nirvana
Karma/Rebirth

Your paper should include an introduction and thesis that clearly states your central claim, thoughtful examples and analysis in your body paragraphs, and a conclusion to finalize your thoughts.Writing Requirements (APA format)

Length: 1200-1400 words (not including title page or references page)
1-inch margins
Double spaced
12-point Times New Roman font
Title page
References page (minimum of 4 scholarly sources)

Molloy, M. (2013). Experiencing the world’s religions (6th ed.). New York City, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Discuss how the constitution is still relevant today.

“Petition The Government For Redress Of Grievances”

Introduction

Player Theories

The Election System

The Actors: Political Parties and Interest Groups

The Ultimate Actor: The Voter

The Supreme Court and Its Power

Legal Reasoning and Precedent

Summary

The Brandon Teena Story

you need see Hollywood :Boys Don’t Cry and DOC: The Brandon Teena Story. Writing 300 words.

Comparison-Contrast Essay

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