Compare And Contrast Society During The Early Renaissance In Europe To Contemporary Society

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I have written the proposal on this topic last week (the proposal is attached as a file).

Pls write the annotated bibliography in related to the proposal attached.

Be sure to adhere to APA style for in-text citation and final reference page.

(2pages)

Research content: Throughout the whole work

 •Introductory paragraph sets context for sources

 •Summary paragraph summarizes the source with the author’s main points 

•Summary paragraph provides ideas that are relevant to the student’s research.

 •The author’s credibility is discussed. 

•The connection to research paragraph shows how and where each source will be used in the student’s paper.

RESEARCH PROPOSAL 3

Research proposal

“Compare and contrast society during the early Renaissance in Europe to contemporary society”

In the fourteenth and fifteenth century, Europe experienced significant changes in history. This marked the rebirth and intellectual growth of Europe since many changes were realized during the people. Renaissance was the word used to describe the rebirths that occurred. Renaissance marked the time of significant changes in cultural, literature, philosophical, and art revolution in other nations in Europe (Kaufman, 2012). The change started in Italy and expanded to other areas in Europe. During the early Renaissance, the society had unique characteristics. However, after the occurrence of changes, contemporary society or the current society was developed. The contemporary society is also characterized by unique features compared to the early Renaissance. However, the two types of society are characterized by features that are similar, while others are different. This research is guided by a thesis statement indicating that similarities and differences between the two spread across all aspect of life, including the education system, cultural practices, and economic inventions, among others.

According to Guarnieri and Negro (2012), the difference in the two societies is marked by changes in the spread of knowledge whereby during the early renaissance society information was spread through handwritten forms. Renaissance left to the invention of the printing press. This also reformed the education system since in the ancient times, education was reserved for the rich people, but the rebirth led to the middle class and low classes are educated. This has led to early discoveries and the spread of information. Currently, society spread written material through online press whereby it reaches many people as compared to contemporary society. Renaissance has also facilitated the rise of Humanism. In the early Renaissance era, people were devoted to living a religious life. This was accompanied by fulfilling their spiritual purpose of life. In contemporary society, humanism raised such that people are now interested in filling their interests rather than religious demands. The modern society emphasize more on worldly presses as well as studied classic texts from scholars and philosophers such as Aristotle and Plato to obtain aspirating. People have developed an increased desire to travels and acquire knowledge (Kaufman, 2012).

The goal of the paper is to deeply study the two societies “to compare and contrast society during the early Renaissance in Europe to contemporary society.” To achieve this goal, the researcher will strive to meet various objectives, which include identifying characteristics of religious and cultural practices in early renaissance society and contemporary society. The study seeks to examine the changes in the education system between the two societies. The researcher will also determine the changes in the literature that have taken place by comparing early Renaissance with contemporary society. Finally, the study will investigate the impact of Renaissance in Europe over the years so that its benefit and challenges are identified.

This study will be necessary to all student and philosophers since it will enhance understanding of the contemporary by defining the similarities and difference of the two societies. This informs will also enable future production of the society. The identification of similarities and differences between early renaissance and contemporary society will be on help to society today so that challenges accompanying the changes can be identified and ways of handling the changes designed.

The researcher will embrace qualitative research method. The qualitative research method is appropriate because it enables the researcher to explore the topic deeply and gain understanding of the reasons, motivation, and opinions of the concepts and develop an insightful an understanding of the two societies. The researcher will use secondary data whereby meta-analysis of information from other scholars will be used to develop the study. The researcher will carry out an explorative literature review about the two societies so that all relevant information regarding the study. The secondary data will aid the study by providing information about the practices and lifestyle of people in the early renaissance time which cannot be identified through primary data since most of the people living during that time are long gone. The information obtained will be analyzed through content analysts. This method of analysis intends to identify essential content for the research topic. Therefore, qualitative research method will be suitable for the study and the use of a secondary data to understand the similarities and difference of the early renaissance society as well as contemporary society.

References

Guarnieri, M., & Negro, P. (2012). The Italian Renaissance: Transition from Medieval to Early Modern Europe of the University system and Higher Learning. Proceedings of 10th Jubilee of Wu Chien-Shiung, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275966514_The_Italian_Renaissance_Transition_from_Medieval_to_Early_Modern_Europe_of_the_University_System_and_Higher_Learning.

Kaufman, P. (2012). From the Renaissance to the Modern World—Introduction. Religious, Vol 3, 1138=1139.

U.S. Federal Bureaucracy and Public Policy

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  • POL/115 Week 3 Assignment

    U.S. Federal Bureaucracy and Public Policy

    Students Name

    Institutional Affiliation

    Date

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    GOVERNMENT QUESTIONS 2

    GOVERNMENT QUESTIONS 5

     

    Step 1: Complete the federal bureaucracy matrix to demonstrate how it influences the U.S. political system. Include APA citations for all unoriginal ideas, facts, or definitions.

    Elements of the federal bureaucracy

    Terms In 100-250 words, explain each element, and discuss how it affects or influences the U.S. political system.
    Civil   servants Civil servants are citizens who work for the federal, state or local governments. They are non-military and non-elected personnel who have no political influence in their service and working in the public sector. In the US, civil servants also include the employees in the agencies and the department that are operated by the branches of government which are judicial, legislative and the executive branch. The civil servants are engaged in unique functions of the national government and thus engaging in political activities are may impact on their political integrity and loyalty to their political masters (Page, Bridges, Bridges, & Chapman, 2018). The civil servants are thus required to behave prudently in political affairs.
    Government corporation Government cooperation is a state-owned entity which is created with the aim of pursuing commercial or industrial activities on behalf of the national government. The cooperation can be wholly or partially owned by the government. They play an important role in assisting the Congress oversight activities by providing a market-oriented public service as well as producing revenues which meet or approximate expenditures. Congress views government corporations to be an attractive means of governance. The corporations do not require annual appropriations since they generate revenues from the provision of goods and services. The government corporations can be allowed administrative flexibilities that are needed to attain the aims while they remain responsive to the president and the Congress (Everycrsreport.com, 2011).
    Cabinet   departments A cabinet department works to offer direct support to the central executive office in the government. Cabinet departments have an equivalent function of the office of the president on a presidential system of government. This tradition in the US dates back to the beginning of the presidency, and its role is to advise the president on any subject that he may need about the duties of each member of the respective offices. Cabinet integrates the vice president and the heads of the 15 executive departments in the US which are ” the Secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs, as well as the Attorney General” (Whitehouse.archives.gov, 2016). Besides the cabinet departments advising the president, they play an important role in the presidential line of succession.
    Independent  regulatory agencies These are federal agencies that are created by an act of Congress that is independent of the executive departments. These agencies are regarded to be part of the executive branch and are tasked with imposing and enforcing regulations free from political influence (Nyit.edu, 2018). The agencies exercise an autonomous authority in specific areas of human activity in a supervisory or regulatory capacity. Regulatory authorities are mainly set to for instance protect consumers in markets where there is no fair competition or to enforce safety and standards. The regulatory agencies operate in the areas of rulemaking, secondary legislation, regulatory law, and administrative law and thus performing major functions in a political system.
    Independent executive agencies Independent executive agencies of the United States federal government are those who are technically part of the executive branch; they are self-governed, but the president of the U.S has no direct control over them. These independent agencies have a crucial role in administering the laws and federal regulation which apply to specific areas like education, veteran affairs, homeland security, social security and environment (Longley, 2018). These agencies are overseen by the Congress although they have more autonomy, unlike the federal agencies that are headed by cabinet members. The independent executive agencies areajor operating units of the federal government, and they influence the entire political system by allowing the smooth working of the economy and the government. Examples of these agencies include The Central Intelligence Agency and The Environmental Protection Agency.
    Merit   system The merit system is the opposite of the spoils system and is a process where government employees are hired and promoted by their ability to perform a task instead of political connections. This system is crucial to the U.S. political system in that it allows the development of an effective, mission-focused and accountable civil service workforce. The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 incorporates the merit system principles into the law in that it aims “… to provide the people of the United States with a competent, honest, and productive workforce… and to improve the quality of public service, Federal personnel management should be implemented consistent with merit system policies” (OPM.gov, 2018). As a result, there are various agencies that have been given the authority and freedom to manage the performance effectively and thus improved efficiency.
    Public   administration Public administration refers to implementing government policies. It also includes maintaining the civil society and determining and providing the public through aspects like legislation, developing policies and managing budgets. The government agencies are required to be responsible for planning, organizing, directing, coordinating and controlling the operations of the government. In the U. political system, the aspect of public administration ensures the centrality in the organization of government’s programs and policies and the formal responsibility of officials in their conduct. The U.S. government’s public administration included three branches which are executive, legislative and judicial such that power is divided between the ensuring that no branch is too powerful and they work together to ensure that the government is running smoothly and efficiently (Usc.edu, 2019).
    Spoils   system The spoils system in government and politics refers to a practice whereby when a political party wins an election; the government civil service jobs are given to relatives, friends, and supporters as a reward for contributing towards winning the election (U-s-history.com, 2017). The rewards also act as an incentive to continue working to the political party. The spoils system is believed to be a means in which active party organization is maintained and guarantees the party employees who are loyal and cooperative resulting to a more effective government as the appointed office holders must help the elected official in carrying out his/her policies and fulfilling the campaign promises. However, the appointment is by the political party needs regardless of the qualifications of the appointees, and thus the ability to perform in a political system may experience adverse effects.
    Privatization Privatization is a process in which assets and services go from being owned by the government to being privately owned. The government may consider privatization as a solution when it wants to deal with aspects that are problematic within its administration. The supporters of privatization which is a shift from public to private management see significant improvements in that the size of the government shrinks, taxes are reduced and the remaining government activities are boosted in terms of efficiency and quality (Goodman & Lovemen, 2010). Critics, however, assert that private ownership does not result in improved efficiency as private managers do not hesitate in adopting profit-making strategies that make the essential services unavailable or unaffordable to the larger population segments.
    Negotiated   rulemaking Negotiated rulemaking is a process in which federal agencies representatives and affected parties work together in a committee to reach a consensus concerning what can, in the end, become a proposed rule. All individuals with a stake are given an opportunity to try and reach an agreement about the core aspects of a rule before the committee proposes the final form. This approach is an alternative to the traditional approach in which regulations are issued (U.S. legal.com, 2017). The proposed rules are then published in the Federal Register to seek the opinion of the public and thus the decisions on whether to adopt the rule or modify it. It influences the political system by helping to avoid subsequent litigation from the proposed rules because the expertise and perspective of the private parties are integrated when arriving at the proposed rule. Also, the participation of interested stakeholders is encouraged. It also speeds the development of rules and generates regulatory solutions that are more creative and effective.

     

     

     

     

    Step 2: Complete the public policy matrix to explain and compare the main policy types.

    Types of public policy Explanation or definition How is it the same or different from the other types of policy? Example of the type of policy
    Distributive policy

    		 This is a policy that aims at ensuring that goods, services, and opportunities are properly distributed in the different sections of the society (Angelo.edu, 2018). The government uses these types of policies to encourage specific activities Distributive policy differs from the other two types of policies in that government provides public goods and services with the aid of public fund equally, and thus citizens cannot complain about it (Richardson, 2013). This policy does not create competition for goods and services. Examples include abating tax and farm subsidies to promote economic development. Another example is tax write-offs for homeowners to promote the housing industry.
    Regulatory policy Regulatory policies are designed to maintain order and prohibit behaviors that put the society in danger (Richardson, 2013). Regulatory policies differ in that they prevent the corrupt nation activities by prescribing he do’s and don’ts of the citizen. The policies compel specific groups to behave and maintain qualities and thus tends to create losers and winners Examples of these policies integrate prohibiting citizens from using specific drugs and attempts to administer voting procedures. The government also attempts to ensure criminal activities are controlled and also protect business markets and economic activities.
    Redistributive policy Redistributive policies are concerned with changing the existing allocation or distribution of benefits and resources (Angelo.edu, 2018). They are aimed at rearranging outcomes of other policies or those that are already in existence This differs from the rest in that it is the trickiest because it involves transferring funds meant for one group to another aiming to eradicate social issues and thus promote equality. There are more direct measures (Richardson, 2013). Examples are welfare which is a social program where the government offers direct benefits o the citizens. A progressive tax is another redistributive policy where rates of tax increases as income increases.

     

    References

    Angelo.edu. (2018). Public administrators and public policy. Retrieved 03 13, 2019, from Angelo: https://www.angelo.edu/faculty/ljones/gov3301/block6/objective5.htm

    Everycrsreport.com. (2011, 06 08). Federal Government Corporations: An Overview. Retrieved 03 13, 2019, from Every CSR Report: https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL30365.html

    Goodman, J. B., & Lovemen, G. W. (2010). Does privatization serve the public interest? Harvard Business Review, 69(6), 26-8.

    Longley, R. (2018, 07 04). Independent Executive Agencies of the US Government. Retrieved 03 13, 2019, from Thought Co.: https://www.thoughtco.com/independent- executive- agencies-of-us-government-4119935

    Nyit.edu. (2018). INDEPENDENT REGULATORY AGENCIES. Retrieved 03 13, 2019, from New York Institute of Technology: http://iris.nyit.edu/~shartman/mba0101/agency.htm

    OPM.gov. (2018). Performance Management. Retrieved 03 12, 2019, from OPM.GOV: https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/performance-management/reference- materials/more-topics/merit-system-principles-and-performance-management/

    Page, E. C., Bridges, E., Bridges, B., & Chapman, B. (2018). Civil service. Retrieved 03 13, 2019, from Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/topic/civil-service

    Richardson, J. (2013). Policy Styles in Western Europe (Routledge Revivals). Routledge.

    U.S. legal.com. (2017). Negotiated Rule-Making Law and Legal Definition. Retrieved 03 13, 2019, from U.S. Legal: https://definitions.uslegal.com/n/negotiated-rule-making/

    Usc.edu. (2019). Public Administration Explained: Branches of the US Government. Retrieved 03 13, 2019, from University of Southern California: https://publicadmin.usc.edu/public-administration-explained-branches-of-the-us- government/

    U-s-history.com. (2017). The Spoils System versus the Merit System. Retrieved 03 13, 2019, from United States History: https://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h965.html

    Whitehouse.archives.gov. (2016). The Cabinet. Retrieved 03 13, 2019, from The White House: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/administration/cabinet

Freedom In American Society

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6/24/19, 10*55 PM8.6 Assignment | Semester Paper

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8.6 Assignment | Semester Paper

Due Tuesday by 11:59pm Points 200 Submitting a file upload File Types doc, docx, rtf, and pdf

Submit Assignment

What should I write?

Write an exposition on the health of freedom in American society today. Do not forget to include economic freedom. Explain the major threats to freedom. Propose solutions.

Do I need to include research in this paper?

Yes. This paper requires at least 6 sources. You must use at least 4 of the following 8 sources (reading selections in the course):

1. Sharansky 2. Winthrop 3. Plato 4. Rousseau 5. Declaration of Independence 6. S. Constitution 7. Evans 8. D’Souza

You must also cite at least one lesson from the course and one outside source.

That is a requirement of a minimum of 6 sources.

How long should it be?

It will be very difficult to accomplish all the requirements short of 1,750 words. Aim for about 2,000 words. Title and reference pages do not contribute to the total word count.

This paper is worth 200 points. To earn the most points:

1. Include all the required sources. 2. Address the health of freedom (and economic freedom) in American society today. 3. Explain major threats to freedom. 4. Propose real life solutions (do not parrot the professor/lesson). 5. Use the grading rubric to guide your work.

 

 

6/24/19, 10*55 PM8.6 Assignment | Semester Paper

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Freedom Semester Paper

Criteria Ratings Pts

50.0 pts

40.0 pts

6. Follow APA format – an example paper is available is available under Week 8. (No abstract is necessary.) 7. Cite all sources in APA format. 8. Avoid contractions and use of “you”. 9. Avoid plagiarism.

If you have questions about what constitutes good grammar or proper APA citation/format, please visit the Center for Writing Excellence in the Lower Level of the Warren Library.

Health of freedom

Discusses the health of freedom in American society today, including political and legal freedom

50.0 pts Superior/Excellent

Multiple aspects of freedom are referred to, specific examples are used, and society is described. The argument or analysis is clear, clearly supported and organized logically.

45.0 pts Good/Above Average

Multiple aspects of freedom are discussed, examples are used, and society is described. The argument is clear and organized logically.

35.0 pts Satisfactory

The health of freedom is discussed, including political and legal freedom, and the argument makes sense.

30.0 pts Almost

The health of freedom is mentioned, as is society. The argument was difficult to follow.

25.0 pts Attempt Made

Freedom was discussed. No supporting argument or organization made the argument difficult to discern or follow.

0.0 pts No Credit

The rater did not see this element discussed.

Economic Freedom

Discuss economic freedom in American society today.

40.0 pts Superior/Excellent

Economic freedom in American society was discussed using specific examples. The health of economic freedom in American society was discussed using specific examples. The argument or analysis is clear, clearly supported and organized logically.

36.0 pts Good/Above Average

Economic freedom was discussed using hypothetical or general examples. The health of economic freedom in American society was discussed using hypothetical or general

30.0 pts Satisfactory

Economic freedom was discussed. The health of economic freedom was discussed. The argument or analysis makes sense.

25.0 pts Almost

Economic freedom and its health were mentioned, but the argument was difficult to follow.

10.0 pts Attempt Made

Economics and/or economic freedom was mentioned. No supporting argument or organization made the argument difficult to discern or

0.0 pts No Credit

The rater did not see this element discussed.

 

 

6/24/19, 10*55 PM8.6 Assignment | Semester Paper

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20.0 pts

20.0 pts

examples. The argument or analysis is clear, clearly supported and organized logically.

follow.

Threats to Freedom

20.0 pts Superior/Excellent

Emerging or existing threats to freedom are identified, using specific examples. That these identified threats ARE threats is supported using course material/resources, historical context, or logical and organized analysis.

18.0 pts Good/Above Average

Emerging or existing threats to freedom are identified, using specific examples. Argument is logical, organized, and easy to follow.

15.0 pts Satisfactory

Emerging or existing threats are identified using general examples. Argument is logical, organized, and easy to follow.

12.0 pts Almost

Threats are identified. No examples given. Major points were clear and easy to identify.

5.0 pts Attempt Made

Threats mentioned. Argument/analysis weak, disorganized, unsupported, or difficult to follow.

0.0 pts No Credit

The rater did not see this element discussed.

Solutions to Threats

20.0 pts Superior/Excellent

Solutions proposed directly address the threats mentioned. They are clearly articulated, include specific details, provide context, and are organized logically.

18.0 pts Good/Above Average

Solutions proposed directly address the threats mentioned, are clearly articulated, and are organized logically.

15.0 pts Satisfactory

Solutions are proposed and the major points are easy to identify and follow.

12.0 pts Almost

Solutions are proposed and make sense.

5.0 pts Attempt Made

Solutions are proposed. The major points or argument was weak, disorganized, unsupported, or difficult to follow.

0.0 pts No Credit

The rater did not see this element discussed.

Content & Thinking

10.0 pts Superior/Excellent

The paper links theory to

8.0 pts Good/Above Average

5.0 pts Almost

The paper

3.0 pts Attempt Made

The paper

0.0 pts No Credit

No theory

 

 

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10.0 pts

10.0 pts

10.0 pts

10.0 pts

relevant examples and uses the vocabulary of the theory correctly. The content is comprehensive, accurate, and persuasive.

The paper links theory to relevant examples. The content is accurate and persuasive.

mentions theory and uses the vocabulary of the theory correctly.

mentions theory, but does not necessarily use the vocabulary of the theory correctly.

vocabulary was used. The content was not accurate or persuasive.

Sources Used

10.0 pts Full Marks

Used an argument/supporting quote (cited) from at least 6 of the following: — Sharansky — Winthrop — Plato — Rousseau — Declaration of Independence — The U.S. Constitution — Evans — D’Souza — Class lecture/lesson (REQUIRED) — Outside source (REQUIRED)

8.0 pts Almost

Missed one of the REQUIRED sources, but still got in 6 of the source choices.

6.0 pts Good Attempt

Missed BOTH of the required sources, but still got in 6 of the source choices.

4.0 pts Attempt Made

Used 6 sources, but not necessarily all from the list.

2.0 pts Unsatisfactory

Used sources, but fewer than 6, and not from the list.

0.0 pts No Credit

No sources used. Simply a freewrite.

Introduction 10.0 pts Full Marks

Strong introduction with clear and defensible thesis – or excellent hook.

7.5 pts Satisfactory

Introduction summarized what would be covered in the paper.

5.0 pts Attempt Made

There appears to be an introduction, but it was difficult follow or difficult to find.

2.0 pts Unsatisfactory

Introduction consisted of one sentence.

0.0 pts No credit

The rater did not see an introduction.

Conclusion 10.0 pts Full Marks

The conclusion is logical, flows from the body of the paper, and sums up the paper nicely.

8.0 pts Good

The conclusion is logical, flows from the body of the paper and reviews the major points.

5.0 pts Attempt Made

The conclusion simply recaps the major points in the introduction or those mentioned throughout the paper.

2.0 pts Unsatisfactory

The conclusion was included in another element of the paper (like “Solutions”) – or was simply a single sentence at the end of the paper.

0.0 pts No Credit

The rater did not see a conclusion.

Readability & Style

15.0 pts Superior/Excellent

12.0 pts Good/Above

10.0 pts Satisfactory

5.0 pts Attempt

0.0 pts No Marks

 

 

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Total Points: 200.0

15.0 pts

5.0 pts

8.0 pts

2.0 pts

Paragraph transitions are present, logical, and maintain the flow throughout the paper. Sentences are well constructed and maintain the flow of thought. There are no run-ons or comma splices, no fragments, no awkward wording. The tone is appropriate to the content – and there are no contractions used. “You” and “your” are also avoided.

Average

Good paragraph transitions, good sentences, no awkward wording, some contractions OR use of “you”.

Decent paragraph transitions, good tone (but does use contractions AND “you”/”your”), some ill- formed sentences.

Made

There are paragraph breaks and the sentences can be understood, but the transitions are not smooth.

No paragraph breaks, sentences are difficult to read and follow.

APA formatting

5.0 to >0.0 pts Full Marks

The paper- including the running head, title page, reference page, page numbers, spacing and indentations – follows APA guidelines.

0.0 pts No Marks

Citations 8.0 to >6.0 pts Full Marks

Everything that needs to be cited IS cited and in-text citations follow APA guidelines.

6.0 to >4.0 pts Almost

There are citations where needed, but they are not APA formatted.

4.0 to >0 pts Not Quite

Missing some or all citations.

Grammar & Punctuation

2.0 to >0.0 pts

Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed and spelling is correct.

0.0 pts No Marks

Political Compass Results

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Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:

Magstadt, T. M. (2017). Understanding politics: Ideas, institutions, and issues. Australia: Cengage Learning.Political Compass Test Results

  • Additional scholarly sources you identify through your own research

Initial Post Instructions
Go to the site: https://www.politicalcompass.org. (Links to an external site.)
Scroll to the end of the site where it says “take the test.”
Answer all of the questions.
After you answer the questions, there will be a chart with your Economic and Social numbers.

After taking the political compass test, tell the class what your scores are and what they mean. Then, analyze why you believe the results or do not believe the scores. Finally, discuss how this course has been beneficial to your daily life and career choice. Use evidence (cite sources) to support your response from assigned readings or online lessons, and at least one outside scholarly source.

Professors comment:

Class,

So, let us know what your scores are, what you think they mean, and whether or not you think they are accurate.  Also, let us know whether you think the score is different than it would have been at the start of class, and if so how come.

Sam